{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:46:21Z","timestamp":1792601181054,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/0695\/2002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/0695\/2002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effect of age of myopia onset on the severity of myopia later in life among myopic children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this prospective study, school children aged 7\u20139\u00a0years from the Singapore Cohort Of the Risk factors for Myopia (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCORM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) were followed up till 11\u00a0years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0928). Age of myopia onset was defined either through questionnaire at baseline (age 7\u20139\u00a0years) or subsequent annual follow\u2010up visits. Age of onset of myopia was a surrogate indicator of duration of myopia progression till age 11\u00a0years. Cycloplegic refraction and axial length were measured at every annual eye examination. High myopia was defined as spherical equivalent of \u2264\u22125.0\u00a0D. A questionnaire determined the other risk factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In multivariable regression models, younger age of myopia onset (per year decrease) or longer duration of myopia progression was associated with high myopia (odds ratio (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u00a0=\u00a02.86; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 2.39 to 3.43), more myopic spherical equivalent (regression coefficient (\u03b2)\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.86\u00a0D; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : \u22120.93 to \u22120.80) and longer axial length (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.28\u00a0mm; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 0.24 to 0.32) at aged 11\u00a0years, after adjusting for gender, race, school, books per week and parental myopia. In Receiver Operating Curve (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) analyses, age of myopia onset\u00a0alone predicted high myopia by 85% (area under the curve\u00a0=\u00a00.85), while the addition of other factors including gender, race, school, books per week and parental myopia only marginally improved this prediction (area under the curve\u00a0=\u00a00.87).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age of myopia onset or duration of myopia progression was the most important predictor of high myopia in later childhood in myopic children. Future trials to retard the progression of myopia to high myopia could focus on children with younger age of myopia onset or with longer duration of myopia progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T01:47:19Z","timestamp":1467164839000},"page":"388-394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":320,"title":["Age of onset of myopia predicts risk of high myopia in later childhood in myopic Singapore children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sharon Y. L.","family":"Chua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charumathi","family":"Sabanayagam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine Duke\u2010NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore and National University Health System Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin\u2010Bun","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine Duke\u2010NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Chia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert K.","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Institute of Singapore A*STAR Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien\u2010Yin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine Duke\u2010NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Department of 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