{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:09:19Z","timestamp":1789063759440,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]],"date-time":"2017-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To develop an algorithm for the Fourier analysis of posterior corneal videokeratographic data and to evaluate the derived parameters in the diagnosis of Subclinical Keratoconus (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SKC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and Keratoconus (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a cross\u2010sectional, observational study that took place in the Eye Institute of Thrace, Democritus University, Greece. Eighty eyes formed the\u00a0\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group, 55 eyes formed the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SKC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group while 50 normal eyes populated the control group. A self\u2010developed algorithm in visual basic for Microsoft Excel performed a Fourier series harmonic analysis for the posterior corneal sagittal curvature data. The algorithm decomposed the obtained curvatures into a spherical component, regular astigmatism, asymmetry and higher order irregularities for averaged central 4\u00a0mm and for each individual ring separately (1, 2, 3 and 4\u00a0mm). The obtained values were evaluated for their diagnostic capacity using receiver operating curves (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). Logistic regression was attempted for the identification of a combined diagnostic model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant differences were detected in regular astigmatism, asymmetry and higher order irregularities among groups. For the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SKC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group, the parameters with high diagnostic ability (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a090%) were the higher order irregularities, the asymmetry and the regular astigmatism, mainly in the corneal periphery. Higher predictive accuracy was identified using diagnostic models that combined the asymmetry, regular astigmatism and higher order irregularities in averaged 3and 4\u00a0mm area (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 98.4%, Sensitivity: 91.7% and Specificity:100%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fourier decomposition of posterior Keratometric data provides parameters with high accuracy in differentiating\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SKC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      from normal corneas and should be included in the prompt diagnosis of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n   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