{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:16:35Z","timestamp":1787015795219,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate the importance of orientation of multifocal lens designs with angular increments of addition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Optical properties of one monofocal and three multifocal designs were analysed with the visual Strehl ratio (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VSOTF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) metric through\u2010focus (\u22121 to 5 D). Designs were tested in combination with the higher\u2010order aberrations (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HOA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) of 782 subjects (1564 eyes). Simulations included one monofocal, one bifocal (eight orientations), one trifocal (four orientations), and a 4\u2010foci design (four orientations). Monocular and binocular performances of all designs were assessed by computing the area under the through\u2010focus\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VSOTF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      plots, the through\u2010focus range of acceptable optical performance, and, for binocular combinations, optical disparity between left and right eyes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Under monocular conditions, bifocal designs generated larger areas under the through focus\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VSOTF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      than trifocal designs and 4\u2010foci designs. Specifically, bifocal designs divided vertically were optimal for 48% of eyes. Trifocal designs and 4\u2010foci designs offered longer intervals of acceptable through\u2010focus vision. Coma and spherical aberration values were correlated with the optimal orientation of multifocal corrections. The best binocular combination was achieved with a monofocal and a trifocal lens. The orientation of a multifocal design with angular areas affected the final optical properties of the combination (lens plus eye).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The optical aberration distributions for our population of physiologically normal eyes demonstrated improved performance for some lens design orientations (i.e., left\u2010right segments for 2\u2010zone bifocals). Taking into account the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HOA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s of healthy patients, with special attention to coma and spherical aberration, will increase the optical quality of angularly divided multifocal solutions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T07:39:52Z","timestamp":1503560392000},"page":"610-623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Optimal orientation for angularly segmented multifocal corrections"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4319-2797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"de Gracia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwestern University Chicago College of Optometry Downers Grove IL 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