{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:26:53Z","timestamp":1781188013132,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]],"date-time":"2017-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Roche Products Ltd UK"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A realistic description of visual symptoms associated with dry age\u2010related macular degeneration (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is important for raising awareness of the condition and educating patients. This study aimed to develop a set of descriptors for dry\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and examine the realism of images currently and frequently used to show visual symptoms of the condition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Volunteers with dry\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with a range of disease severity were given an eye examination and were asked to describe visual symptoms of their condition in a conversational interview. Participants were also asked to comment on a photograph typically used to portray the visual symptoms of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and subjected to content analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010nine participants were interviewed. Median (interquartile range [\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ]) age was 75 (70, 79) years. Median (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) binocular visual acuity (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and Pelli\u2010Robson contrast sensitivity (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) was 0.2 (0.18, 0.36) log\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and 1.65 (1.50, 1.95) log\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      respectively. Three, 17 and nine patients had early, intermediate and late (geographic atrophy,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , respectively. The most frequently reported descriptor group was\n                      <jats:italic>blur<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a013) followed by\n                      <jats:italic>missing<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a010) and\n                      <jats:italic>distortion<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a07). We chose the most popular image used to portray the visual symptoms of dry\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      based on an internet search and showed this to 21 participants. Sixteen participants (76% [95% confidence interval 53\u201392%]), including three out of the seven people with geographic atrophy, unequivocally rejected the realism of the image.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      People with dry\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      use a wide range of descriptors for their visual experience. Visual symptoms of dry\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      as portrayed by commonly shown images were not the experience of most people in this study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]],"date-time":"2017-11-23T02:02:42Z","timestamp":1511402562000},"page":"98-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Seeing it differently: self\u2010reported description of vision loss in dry age\u2010related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Deanna J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Optometry and Visual Science School of Health Sciences City, University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Optometry and Visual Science School of Health Sciences City, University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison M.","family":"Binns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Optometry and Visual Science School of Health Sciences City, University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Crabb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Optometry and Visual Science School of Health Sciences City, University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011504","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011504","article-title":"How does age\u2010related macular degeneration affect real\u2010world visual ability and quality of life?","volume":"6","author":"Taylor DJ","year":"2016","journal-title":"A Systematic Review. 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