{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:27:05Z","timestamp":1792146425457,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,4]],"date-time":"2019-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004331","name":"Johnson and Johnson","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effect of uncorrected astigmatism on night driving performance on a closed\u2010road circuit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants included 10 drivers (mean age 24.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.0\u00a0years), with low to moderate bilateral astigmatism (0.75\u20131.50\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), who were regular contact lens (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) wearers. Vision and night driving performance were assessed in a cross\u2010over design with a toric\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and a best\u2010sphere spherical\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Binocular visual function measures included photopic and mesopic visual acuity (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), contrast sensitivity (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), mesopic motion sensitivity and glare tests (Mesotest\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and Halometer). Night\u2010time driving performance was assessed on a closed\u2010road circuit, which included measures of sign recognition, hazard detection and avoidance, pedestrian recognition distances, lane keeping, speed and overall driving score.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Correction of astigmatism with toric\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      significantly improved mesopic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , photopic and mesopic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , mesopic motion sensitivity, and reduced glare (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), compared to the spherical\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ; there were no significant effects of visual correction type on photopic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Correction of astigmatism using toric\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      resulted in significant improvements in night driving performance, compared to driving with spherical\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , particularly for sign recognition, avoidance of low contrast hazards, increased pedestrian recognition distances and overall driving score (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Correction of low to moderate levels of astigmatism had significant positive effects on night\u2010time driving performance and related tests of visual performance. This has important implications for optical corrections to improve night road safety of drivers with astigmatism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,4]],"date-time":"2019-08-04T22:30:19Z","timestamp":1564957819000},"page":"350-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The impact of uncorrected astigmatism on night driving performance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8671-5167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex A","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0776-7736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne M","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5588-2659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa H","family":"Colorado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5226-5498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science and the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e3182048fb9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2010.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2008.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2010.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12128"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318157c6dc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000554"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2015.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"Passenger Vehicle Occupant Fatalities by Day and Night - 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