{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:32:14Z","timestamp":1788780734403,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although there is a high prevalence of keratoconus in the Middle East including Israel, limited data is available describing first\u2010degree relatives of patients with sporadic keratoconus (KC) using Scheimpflug imaging. The purpose of this study is to accurately phenotype first\u2010degree relatives of patients with sporadic KC in Israel using corneal tomography, which may help determine the genetic aetiology of KC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      First\u2010degree relatives (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a056) of 16 KC probands participated in this prospective case\u2010control study. Healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a096) were from a previous study. Autorefraction, visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, retinoscopy, subjective refraction and Scheimpflug imaging (CSO Sirius Topographer) of keratoconus patients and their first\u2010degree relatives were evaluated. The worse eye was used for KC and KC suspects. The main outcome measure was prevalence of abnormal corneal topography and tomography parameters, which was compared between first\u2010degree relatives vs controls.\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      values\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 were considered significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      KC (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02) or KC suspect (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08) was diagnosed in 18% (95% CI 8\u201028%) of the first\u2010degree relatives. At least one abnormal corneal parameter was evident in 34% of first\u2010degree relatives, while this was significantly lower for controls (14%, \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sub>(1,<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sub>N\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>=\u00a0152)<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.01). Qualitative analysis showed KC first\u2010degree relatives had significantly more abnormal anterior corneal topography patterns than controls (34% vs 17%, \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sub>(1,<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a0152)<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05.9,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02). For first\u2010degree relatives, sex was not a factor influencing prevalence of corneal abnormalities (18% for both men and women, \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sub>(1,<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a056)<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.0). A significant correlation was found for first\u2010degree relatives between age and most corneal parameters, while this was not evident for the control group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eye care practitioners should consider first\u2010degree relatives of patients with KC at moderate risk for the disease and\/or corneal abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T11:56:54Z","timestamp":1595591814000},"page":"442-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The prevalence of corneal abnormalities in first\u2010degree relatives of patients with keratoconus: a prospective case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7842-5071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Einat","family":"Shneor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Science Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Frucht\u2010Pery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Science Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edna","family":"Granit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Science Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1946-832X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariela","family":"Gordon\u2010Shaag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Science Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2010.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00119-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(86)90817-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20160513-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-017-0699-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8145651"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2008.01821.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2011.560747"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10025-1070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101509010172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2011.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182a0d014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2013.848458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/795738"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070060082054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12237"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000121711.58571.8d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2006.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological features of keratoconus genetic and external factors in the pathogenesis of the disease","volume":"178","author":"Ihalainen A","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200303000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-1549(03)00099-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.130294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2017.1393831"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-016-0047-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31816f5edc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070050063032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20000828)93:5<403::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3180de1e04"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20161018-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2009.01908.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2017.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-013-9780-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.12.1401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070090047037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31828da95c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471462422.eoct005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20060601-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.11.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20071001-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001489"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fopo.12706","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.12706","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/opo.12706","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.12706","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:25:27Z","timestamp":1767785127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/opo.12706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/opo.12706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12706","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}