{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:14:59Z","timestamp":1790349299306,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]],"date-time":"2020-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY 07551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY 07551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY019105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY019105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In order to better understand the optical consequence of residual aberrations during conventional rigid contact lens wear in keratoconus, this study aimed to quantify the visual interaction between positive vertical coma (C(3, \u22121)) and other individual 2\n                      <jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup>\n                      to 5\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      radial order Zernike aberration terms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The experiment proceeded in two parts. First, two levels of C(3, \u22121) (\n                      <jats:italic>target<\/jats:italic>\n                      term) were simulated. Individual Zernike aberration terms from the 2\n                      <jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup>\n                      to 5\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      radial orders (\n                      <jats:italic>test<\/jats:italic>\n                      terms) were combined in 0.05\u2010\u00b5m steps a) from \u22122.00\u00a0\u00b5m to +2.00\u00a0\u00b5m with +1.00\u00a0\u00b5m of C(3, \u22121) and b) from \u22121.00\u00a0\u00b5m to +1.00\u00a0\u00b5m with +0.50\u00a0\u00b5m of C(3, \u22121). The resulting combinations were used to calculate the logarithm of the visual Strehl ratio (logVSX) and predict the relative beneficial or deleterious impact of the interaction. Second, for\n                      <jats:italic>test<\/jats:italic>\n                      terms where an interaction was predicted to provide more than a 0.25 logVSX benefit compared to C(3, \u22121) alone, high contrast logMAR acuity charts were constructed (simulating the manner in which the\n                      <jats:italic>test<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0+\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>target<\/jats:italic>\n                      term combinations would impact the retinal image of the chart), and randomly read by three well\u2010corrected, typically\u2010sighted individuals through a 3.0\u2010mm diameter artificial pupil.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      When combined with positive C(3, \u22121), C(3, \u22123), C(4, \u22124), C(5, \u22125), C(5, \u22123), and C(5, \u22121) exhibited better visual image quality compared with C(3, \u22121) alone. Ratios of the\n                      <jats:italic>test<\/jats:italic>\n                      terms to\n                      <jats:italic>target<\/jats:italic>\n                      term providing maximal benefit remained constant for both +0.50\u00a0\u00b5m and +1.00\u00a0\u00b5m of C(3, \u22121). C(3, \u22123) and C(5, \u22121) had the largest predicted beneficial effect, with the maximal effect for +1.00\u00a0\u00b5m of C(3, \u22121) occurring with +0.35\u00a0\u00b5m of C(5, \u22121) and \u22121.00\u00a0\u00b5m of C(3, \u22123). When individuals read letter charts convolved with the point spread function derived from C(3, \u22121) combined with C(3, \u22123) and C(3, \u22121) combined with C(5, \u22121), the maximal beneficial effect was 0.27 logMAR (13.5 letters) for C(3, \u22123) and 0.36 logMAR (18 letters) for C(5, \u22121).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While most interactions reduced visual image quality, combinations of C(3, \u22123) (vertical trefoil) and C(5, \u22121) (vertical secondary coma) provided a clinically relevant beneficial effect in the presence of C(3, \u22121) (vertical coma) which was demonstrated in both through\u2010focus simulation and chart reading tests. Future work will examine whether these effects persist in the presence of the entire spectrum of residual aberrations seen in the eyes of individuals with keratoconus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]],"date-time":"2020-08-08T09:07:05Z","timestamp":1596877625000},"page":"669-679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Visual interaction of 2nd to 5th order Zernike aberration terms with vertical coma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4975-5055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Optometry Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayeswarya","family":"Ravikumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of 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