{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:48:23Z","timestamp":1773100103213,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether monocularly\u2010 and binocularly\u2010induced spherical and meridional blur and aniseikonia had similar effects on stereopsis thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve participants with normal binocular vision viewed McGill modified random dot stereograms to determine stereoacuities in a four\u2010alternative forced\u2010choice procedure. Astigmatism was induced by placing trial lenses in front of the eyes. Twenty\u2010three conditions were used, consisting of zero (no lens), +1 D and +2 D spheres and cylinders at axes 180, 45 and 90 in front of the right eye, and the following binocular combinations of both lens powers: R\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0180\/L\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0180, R\u00a0\u00d7\u00a045\/L\u00a0\u00d7\u00a045, R\u00a0\u00d7\u00a090\/L\u00a0\u00d7\u00a090, R sphere\/L sphere, R\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0180\/L\u00a0\u00d7\u00a090, R\u00a0\u00d7\u00a045\/L\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0135, R \u00d7 90\/L \u00d7 180. Aniseikonia was induced by placing magnifying lenses in front of the eyes. Twenty\u2010three conditions were used, consisting of zero, 6% and 12% overall magnification and both magnifications at axes 180, 45 and 90 in front of the right eye only, and the following binocular combinations using 3% and 6% lenses: R\u00a0\u00d7\u00a090\/L\u00a0\u00d7\u00a090, R\u00a0\u00d7\u00a045\/L\u00a0\u00d7\u00a045, R\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0180\/L\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0180, R overall\/L overall, R\u00a0\u00d7\u00a090\/L\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0180, R\u00a0\u00d7\u00a045\/L\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0135, and R\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0180\/L\u00a0\u00d7\u00a090.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stereopsis losses for binocular blur effects with parallel axes (non\u2010anisometropic) were the same as for monocular blur effects of the same axes, and these were strongly dependent on axis (spherical blur and \u00d790 had the greatest effects). Binocular blur effects with orthogonal axes had greater effects than with parallel axes, with the axis combination of the former having no effect (e.g. R\u00a0\u00d7\u00a090\/L\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0180 was similar to R\u00a0\u00d7\u00a045\/L\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0135). For induced aniseikonia, splitting the magnifications between the eyes improved stereopsis slightly, and the effects were not dependent on axis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Binocular blur affects stereopsis similarly to monocular meridional blur if axes in the two eyes are parallel, whereas the effect is greater if the axes are orthogonal. In meridional aniseikonia, splitting magnification between the right and left lenses produces a small improvement in stereopsis that is independent of axis direction and right\/left combination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T16:24:23Z","timestamp":1597076663000},"page":"660-668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of blur and magnification effects on stereopsis: overall and meridional, monocularly\u2010 and binocularly\u2010induced"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3099-6545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A","family":"Atchison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry &amp; Vision Sciences Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove 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