{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:49:11Z","timestamp":1791236951775,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are conflicting reports as to whether there is a binocular advantage or disadvantage when reading with central vision loss. This study examined binocular reading summation in patients with macular degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy\u2010one patients with bilateral central vision loss [mean age: 63 (S.D.\u00a0=\u00a021) years] participated. Reading performances during binocular and monocular viewing with the better eye (i.e., the eye with the best monocular visual acuity) were evaluated using different versions of the Italian MNREAD reading chart (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.precision-vision.com\">www.precision\u2010vision.com<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ). Fixation stability and preferred retinal loci (PRLs) were recorded monocularly for each eye. The overall sample was split into inhibition, equality, and summation groups based on the binocular ratio (i.e., binocular\/monocular) of the maximum reading speed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>41% of patients experienced binocular inhibition, 42% summation, and 17% equality. Binocular reading speed of the inhibition group was approximately 30 words per minute slower than those of the equality and summation groups, although the inhibition group had the best visual acuity. These patients generally had monocular PRLs in non\u2010corresponding locations temporal or nasal to the scotoma, had the largest interocular acuity difference and lacked residual stereopsis. The three groups did not differ in fixational control, contrast sensitivity or critical print size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Equal proportions of patients with central vision loss show binocular reading summation and inhibition. Patients with binocular reading inhibition have poorer reading performance and different clinical characteristics than those with binocular reading summation and equality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T08:35:41Z","timestamp":1599208541000},"page":"778-789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Reading with central vision loss: binocular summation and inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8451-8901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients International Agency for Prevention of Blindness\u2010IAPB Italia Onlus Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \"Agostino Gemelli\" IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4549-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Sasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients International Agency for Prevention of Blindness\u2010IAPB Italia Onlus Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \"Agostino Gemelli\" IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Piscopo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients International Agency for Prevention of Blindness\u2010IAPB Italia Onlus Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \"Agostino Gemelli\" IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2461-8951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Amore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients International Agency for Prevention of Blindness\u2010IAPB Italia Onlus Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \"Agostino Gemelli\" IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislao","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \"Agostino Gemelli\" IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G","family":"Devenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald K Johnson Eye Institute Krembil Research Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4519-3868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luminita","family":"Tarita\u2010Nistor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald K Johnson Eye Institute Krembil Research Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2013.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1137","article-title":"Reading with a macular scotoma I. 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