{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T14:27:07Z","timestamp":1767796027438,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009399","name":"Macular Disease Foundation Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age\u2010related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of vision loss. This study investigated whether performing clinical audit and receiving analytical performance feedback altered documentation of the AMD care provided by optometrists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Australian optometrists were recruited and completed a survey about their demographics and confidence in AMD care, and a three\u2010month audit of their practice records using an AMD audit tool (termed the pre\u2010audit evaluation). After receiving analytical feedback, participants identified areas for improvement and re\u2010audited their practices after three months to analyse changes in performance (termed the post\u2010audit evaluation). Paired t\u2010tests and Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank tests, as appropriate, were used to compare pre\u2010 and post\u2010audit data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty optometrists, most practising in Victoria, Australia, completed the study. Participants primarily worked in corporate practice and\/or rural settings and had a range of optometric experience (2\u201340\u00a0years). At baseline, participants felt confident in their: knowledge of AMD risk factors (65%), advice to patients about these factors (55%) and management of earlier stages of AMD (55%). Each clinician completed (median [IQR]): 15 [IQR: 10\u201319] and 12 [IQR: 8\u201316] audits of unique patient records, pre\u2010 and post\u2010audit, respectively. Post\u2010audit, average record documentation (per optometrist) improved for asking about: AMD family history (94% to 100%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.03), smoking status (21% to 58%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), diet (11% to 29%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) and nutritional supplementation (20% to 51%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). For clinical examination, compliance with documenting pinhole visual acuity, performing an in\u2010office Amsler grid (upon indication) and using optical coherence tomography improved post\u2010audit (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Accuracy of severity documentation improved for earlier stages of AMD (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). For earlier stages of AMD, documentation of counselling about modifiable risk factors significantly improved post\u2010audit (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Aspects well\u2010performed pre\u2010audit that did not change included documenting: medical histories (100% at both time points,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.06) and retinal imaging (77% at both time points,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.97).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self\u2010audit with analytical feedback improved clinical record documentation of: AMD risk factors, clinical examination, AMD severity classification and management advice. These findings support a role for audit to improve optometric clinical care of AMD, as evidenced by improved documentation of the AMD care delivered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T10:13:30Z","timestamp":1604657610000},"page":"53-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical audit as an educative tool for optometrists: an intervention study in age\u2010related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Sena A","family":"Gocuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences 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