{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T14:25:45Z","timestamp":1767795945420,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article aims to illustrate the principles of bearing fixing, a new computer\u2010controlled procedure for subjective determination of astigmatism, and to compare it with conventional clinician\u2010controlled Jackson crossed\u2010cylinder refraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The principles and method for bearing fixing are described. Astigmatism was measured using bearing fixing and Jackson cross\u2010cylinder twice on 20 visually normal participants aged between 18 and 34\u00a0years. After final sphere adjustment, acuity measurements were made with each refraction estimate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bearing fixing results could be obtained for all participants. Mean bearing fixing cylinder magnitude was slightly higher than Jackson cross\u2010cylinder measures of cylinder magnitude, by 0.05D. Using vector analysis to take into account cylinder power and axis, mean bearing fixing astigmatism was not significantly different from cross\u2010cylinder astigmatism, but did have higher test\u2010retest variability (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Acuity with bearing fixing and cross\u2010cylinder corrections did not significantly differ in average value or repeatability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bearing fixing is a feasible method for subjective determination of astigmatism, and there are a number of potential improvements to the method which could make it faster and more precise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T09:19:51Z","timestamp":1628846391000},"page":"1060-1068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bearing fixing: A new computer algorithm method for subjective determination of astigmatism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4629-3182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Carkeet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia Hao","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia Sheng","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Clinical visual optics","author":"Rabbetts RB","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"595","article-title":"Trial set of small lenses, and a modified trial\u2010frame","volume":"4","author":"Jackson E","year":"1887","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"The Jackson cross\u2010cylinder. 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