{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T19:57:12Z","timestamp":1785182232189,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007801","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15312\/PI\/10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15312\/PI\/10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies have shown small but clinically significant changes in the power and axis of astigmatism when the eye accommodates. Monocular objective measurements of the eye during accommodation, when the object approaches the eye without convergence, also reveal small astigmatic changes. Moreover, it is known that the eye exhibits ocular cyclotorsion at different gaze angles. Since accommodation and convergence normally occur simultaneously, we studied the change in the magnitude and axis of astigmatism during accommodation for different convergence angles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The left eye of 15\u00a0subjects between 20 and 49\u00a0years old (mean 28.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.7\u00a0years) having \u22641.5\u00a0D astigmatism was evaluated. Measurements were made using a Shack\u2010Hartmann aberrometer for an accommodation range of +0.50\u00a0D to \u221210\u00a0D in 0.50\u00a0D steps, and for four monocular convergence demands: 0\u00b0, 5\u00b0, 10\u00b0 and 15\u00b0. Statistical analysis used power vectors to quantify the change in cylinder power and axis for each accommodation and convergence demand with age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Jackson cross\u2010cylinder component J\n                      <jats:sub>45<\/jats:sub>\n                      did not change during accommodation for all vergences tested. However, J\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      changed by an average of \u22120.02\u00a0D per dioptre of accommodation (D\/Dacc) for convergence demands of 0\u00b0, 5\u00b0 and 10\u00b0 and \u22120.03\u00a0D\/Dacc for the 15\u00b0 demand. This corresponds to an average cylinder power change of \u22120.05\u00a0D\/Dacc for convergences of 0\u00b0, 5\u00b0 and 10\u00b0 and \u22120.08\u00a0D\/Dacc for 15\u00b0 of convergence. The cylinder axis always changed towards 90\u00b0 (against\u2010the\u2010rule), and age did not play a significant role.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Except for accommodation demands &gt;4\u00a0D, we did not find a clinically significant change in astigmatism for convergence angles up to 15\u00ba. The small changes in cylinder power and axis may be due to shifts in the position of the crystalline lens during accommodation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T23:37:42Z","timestamp":1629416262000},"page":"1069-1075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Objective changes in astigmatism during accommodation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Lara\u2010Lac\u00e1rcel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Optics and Optometry University of Murcia Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7079-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Mar\u00edn\u2010Franch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Optics and Optometry 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