{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T14:28:53Z","timestamp":1767796133230,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Utilising Rasch analysis on the Keratoconus Outcome Research Questionnaire (KORQ) data, we explored the hypothesis that the KORQ with discrete verbal rating scale (VRS) would demonstrate better psychometric properties and provide less noise in measurement than with a visual analogue scale (VAS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The KORQ is a keratoconus\u2010specific patient\u2010reported outcome measure; it has activity limitation and symptoms scales. The KORQ scales with two different rating scales (VAS and a discrete 4\u2010response VRS) were completed by self\u2010administration by people with keratoconus. For each KORQ scale, Rasch analysis\u2010based psychometric properties were compared between the two versions. Rasch analysis was also used to optimise rating scale functioning when disordered thresholds were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>118 (mean age\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD, 46.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00a0years) and 169 (45.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.7\u00a0years) people completed the KORQ with VAS and VRS, respectively. Both scales demonstrated high measurement precision. However, the VAS rating scale was disordered (6 out of 11 categories dysfunctional) and had two misfitting items. Conversely, the VRS had ordered categories and no misfitting items. For the disordered VAS, ordering was achieved only after collapsing 11 categories into four categories. In comparison to the KORQ with VRS, the repaired VAS had lower measurement precision, test information, variance explained by the measure, poor targeting, and reduced measurement range.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The KORQ demonstrated superior psychometric properties when measured using a VRS than with a VAS. This illustrates the advantages of verbal rating scales for a patient\u2010reported outcome measurement over a visual analogue scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T02:21:15Z","timestamp":1637115675000},"page":"205-217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparing the measurement properties of visual analogue and verbal rating scales"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1012-2119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jyoti","family":"Khadka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Social Care Economics Group Caring Future Institute College of Nursing and Health Sciences Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Registry of Senior Australians South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul G","family":"Schoneveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxottica OPSM Mackay Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Pesudovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug AdministrationGuidance for industry: patient\u2010reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims. 2009.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation\/Guidances\/UCM193282.pdf. 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