{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T02:06:52Z","timestamp":1778810812591,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY14801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY14801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the visual photosensitivity threshold and objective photosensitivity luminance in healthy eyes, thereby providing a normative dataset that will lead to a better understanding of diseases causing photophobia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective cross\u2010sectional study. Emmetropes whose visual acuity was better than 0.18\u00a0logMAR (6\/9) with no other ocular abnormality were included. Headache Impact Test\u20106 and visual light sensitivity questionnaires were administered. Visual photosensitivity threshold was measured subjectively using the ocular photosensitivity analyser. Objective photosensitivity luminance was assessed manually by evaluating videos recorded using an infrared camera and noting the intensity of light at the first squeezing reflex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy five normal subjects (age range, 7\u201371\u00a0years) were included. Median age was 32.7\u00a0years (inter\u2010quartile range, 20.3\u201347.9\u00a0years). Forty (53.3%) were males. Median Headache Impact Test score was 38 (inter\u2010quartile range, 36\u201342) and visual light sensitivity questionnaire score was 11 (inter\u2010quartile range, 8\u201315). Mean (standard deviation) right eye, left eye and binocular visual photosensitivity threshold was 3.34 (0.78), 3.33 (0.81) and 3.37 (0.78) loglux, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation of visual light sensitivity questionnaire scores with right eye, left eye and binocular visual photosensitivity thresholds, and positive correlation of age with binocular visual photosensitivity thresholds. Mean (standard deviation) right eye, left eye and binocular objective photosensitivity luminance was 3.25 (0.55), 3.35 (0.47) and 3.15 (0.52) loglux, respectively. Age was only positively correlated with binocular objective photosensitivity luminance, and there was no correlation between age and right eye or left eye objective photosensitivity luminance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study characterised, for the first time, objective photosensitivity luminance and established normative data for both visual photosensitivity threshold and objective photosensitivity luminance. The data will help in understanding the pathophysiology of diseases causing photophobia, monitoring the disease progression and evaluating treatment modalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T16:31:56Z","timestamp":1638289916000},"page":"311-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Visual photosensitivity threshold and objective photosensitivity luminance in healthy human eyes assessed using an automated ocular photosensitivity analyser: a step towards translation of a clinical tool for assessing photophobia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Shravya Sri","family":"Durgam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmic Biophysics L V Prasad Eye Institute  Hyderabad 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