{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:35:11Z","timestamp":1787787311414,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the baseline prevalence of myopia among school children in Tamil Nadu, South India from a prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children between the ages of 5 and 16\u00a0years from 11 schools in two districts of Tamil Nadu underwent vision screening. All children underwent visual acuity assessment using a Pocket Vision Screener followed by non\u2010cycloplegic open\u2010field autorefraction (Grand Seiko WAM\u20105500). Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) refraction of \u2264\u22120.75 D and high myopia was defined as SE\u00a0\u2264\u00a0\u22126.00 D. Distribution of refraction, biometry and factors associated with prevalence of myopia were the outcome measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 14,699 children completed vision screening, with 2% (357) of them having ocular abnormalities other than refractive errors or poor vision despite spectacle correction. The remaining 14,342 children (7557 boys; 52.69%) had a mean age of 10.2 (Standard Deviation [SD] 2.8) years. A total of 2502 had myopia in at least one eye, a prevalence of 17.5% (95% CI: 14.7\u201320.5%), and 74 (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.3\u20130.9%) had high myopia. Myopia prevalence increased with age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), but sex was not associated with myopia prevalence (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.24). Mean axial length (AL; 23.08 (SD\u00a0=\u00a00.91) mm) and mean anterior chamber depth (ACD; 3.45 (SD\u00a0=\u00a00.27) mm) positively correlated with age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The mean flat (K1; 43.37 (SD\u00a0=\u00a01.49) D) and steep (K2; 44.50 (SD\u00a0=\u00a01.58) D) corneal curvatures showed negative correlation with age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001, respectively). In the multivariable logistic regression, older age and urban school location had higher odds for prevalence of myopia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The baseline prevalence of myopia among 5\u2010 to 16\u2010year\u2010old children in South India is larger than that found in previous studies, indicating that myopia is becoming a major public health problem in this country.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T07:39:46Z","timestamp":1641973186000},"page":"345-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Prevalence of myopia among urban and suburban school children in Tamil Nadu, South India: findings from the Sankara Nethralaya Tamil Nadu Essilor Myopia (STEM) Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3815-0333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aparna","family":"Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Myopia Clinic Sankara Nethralaya Unit of Medical Research Foundation  Chennai India"},{"name":"School of Medicine Faculty of Health Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6569-5251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jameel Rizwana","family":"Hussaindeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myopia Clinic Sankara Nethralaya Unit of Medical Research Foundation  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0114-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viswanathan","family":"Sivaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myopia Clinic Sankara Nethralaya Unit of Medical Research Foundation  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2226-6526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myopia Clinic Sankara Nethralaya Unit of Medical Research Foundation  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3331-7368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yee Ling","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D AMERA Essilor International  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3762-0911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A","family":"Armitage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Faculty of Health Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0661-4196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Gentle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Faculty of Health Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5988-1469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Backhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Faculty of Health Deakin University  Geelong Victoria 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