{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T02:34:16Z","timestamp":1776306856931,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop an optical model of a child's eye to reveal the impact of target distance and accommodative behaviour on retinal image quality when fitted with multi\u2010zone lenses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pupil size, aberration levels and accommodative lag were adjusted for models viewing stimuli at 400, 100, 33 and 20\u00a0cm. Distributions of defocus across the pupil and simulated retinal images were obtained. An equivalent 16\u2010point letter was imaged at near viewing distances, while a 0.00\u00a0logMAR (6\/6) letter was imaged at 400\u00a0cm. Multi\u2010zone lenses included those clinically utilised for myopia control (e.g., dual\u2010focus, multi\u2010segmented and aspherical optics).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Viewing distance adjustments to model spherical aberration (SA) and pupil radius resulted in a model eye with wider defocus distributions at closer viewing distances, especially at 20\u00a0cm. The increasing negative SA at near reduced the effective add power of dual\u2010focus lenses, reducing the amount of myopic defocus introduced by the centre\u2010distance, 2\u2010zone design. The negative SA at near largely compensated for the high positive SA introduced by the aspheric lens, removing most myopic defocus when viewing at near. A 0.50 D accommodative lag had little impact on the legibility of typical text (16\u2010point) at the closer viewing distances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All four multi\u2010zone lenses successfully generated myopic defocus at greater viewing distances, but two failed to introduce significant amounts of myopic defocus at the nearest viewing distance due to the combined effects of pupil miosis and negative SA. Typical 16\u2010point type is easily legible at near even in presence of the multi\u2010zone optics of lenses utilised for myopia control and accommodative lag.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T05:39:25Z","timestamp":1644989965000},"page":"571-585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Modelling the refractive and imaging impact of multi\u2010zone lenses utilised for myopia control in children\u2019s eyes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4591-5012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raman Prasad","family":"Sah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry Indiana University  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Jaskulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry Indiana University  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pete S","family":"Kollbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry Indiana University  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.8.1111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886\u2010018\u20100829\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0816"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001410"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol\u20102020\u2010318367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol\u20102020\u2010317664"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.004388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3182812205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTO.S167297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001665"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000413"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313739"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/10.13.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001543"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318185280e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","article-title":"Working distance during near work in emmetropic Chinese children","volume":"49","author":"Bao J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2013.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31827ce23a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8317.1955.tb00160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/11.5.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2021.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00037.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1998.97000720.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.9.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000440"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration.MiSight 1 day (omafilcon A) soft (hydrophilic) contact lenses for daily wear \u2010 P180035 | FDA. Available from:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical\u2010devices\/recently\u2010approved\u2010devices\/misight\u20101\u2010day\u2010omafilcon\u2010soft\u2010hydrophilic\u2010contact\u2010lenses\u2010daily\u2010wear\u2010p180035Accessed 24 Aug 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.406101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/4.4.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12725"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.15.002545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.19.001073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000144752.18836.1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4115-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metrics of optical quality of the eye","volume":"4","author":"Thibos LN","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14250"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3182279cfa"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10834"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001362"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12443"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1957.sp005829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/5.5.7"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.12959","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/opo.12959","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.12959","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:26:40Z","timestamp":1767785200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/opo.12959"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/opo.12959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12959","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}