{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T14:28:14Z","timestamp":1767796094659,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One of the first clinically observed changes in the retina with progressing myopia is in the form of optic disc crescents. If such a change is predictive of myopia progression, it could aid in myopia management interventions to target those at greatest risk of progression and subsequent ocular morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the type, dimension and appearance of optic disc crescents and how they relate to the level of myopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective data collection analysing retinal photographs of healthy children and adults with a refractive error of \u2264\u22120.50\u2009D sphere and astigmatism \u22642.00\u2009D. Crescent location, maximum crescent width and vertical disc diameter were measured from retinal images of right eyes only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four\u2010hundred eyes with a mean spherical error (SER) of \u22120.50 to \u221214.00\u2009D (aged 7\u201381\u2009years) were included (83.5% exhibited a discernible crescent). Mean (SD) maximum crescent width was 0.24 (0.24)\u00a0mm. Univariate analysis showed a significant correlation between crescent width and age (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.26,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). SER was correlated with crescent width when controlling for age (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.45,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and to the ratio of crescent width to vertical disc diameter (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.43,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Temporal crescents were the most frequently observed (74%), followed by inferior temporal crescents (17%). One\u2010way between\u2010groups analysis of variance showed a significant difference between crescent locations (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05.2,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                      <jats:italic>Post\u2010hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      analysis revealed significant differences in SER between those with no crescent versus an inferior\u2010temporal crescent, as well as differences between those with temporal versus inferior\u2010temporal crescents. Other crescent locations did not differ significantly in the level of myopia. Participants not exhibiting a crescent had the lowest level of myopia (mean [SD] \u22123.03 [1.97)]\u00a0D), while those with inferior temporal crescents had a mean (SD) SER of \u22125.01 (2.37)\u00a0D.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this white European population, higher levels of SER were associated with increasing crescent size. Eyes with inferior temporally located crescents were more myopic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T03:59:25Z","timestamp":1655697565000},"page":"1115-1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Size and position of the optic disc crescent in a white European population with myopia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Hill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Specsavers  Newmarket UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7657-1788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebekka","family":"Heitmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Sciences, Centre for Vision across the LifeSpan (CVLS) University of Huddersfield  Huddersfield UK"},{"name":"School of Optometry Aston University  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0538-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola S.","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry Aston University  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(98)00049-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"185","volume-title":"The myopias: basic science and clinical management","author":"Curtin B","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2007.01139.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.139030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"908","article-title":"Parapapillary chorioretinal atrophy in normal and glaucoma eyes. 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