{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:57:46Z","timestamp":1789750666167,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81900911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81900911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82003562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82003562"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZX09304010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX09304010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is generally believed that a 1\u2010mm axial length (AL) elongation of the eye corresponds to a \u22123.00 D spherical equivalent (SE) progression, but this is disputed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between AL elongation and SE progression among children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort study of 710 children and adolescents aged 6\u201316\u2009years was included. Ophthalmic examinations, including cycloplegic SE, AL and corneal curvature, were performed at baseline and 1\u2010year follow\u2010up. The ratio of SE change (\u0394SE) to AL change (\u0394AL) (\u0394SE\/\u0394AL) was calculated, and its association with age and refractive status was explored using a general linear model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among all participants, 396 (55.77%) were male, with 265 (37.32%) myopes at baseline. The average 1\u2010year \u0394SE and \u0394AL were 0.61\u2009\u00b1\u20090.40 D and 0.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22\u2009mm, respectively. Both \u0394SE and \u0394AL gradually decreased with age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In the general linear model analyses, age and refractive status were independently associated with \u0394SE\/\u0394AL after adjustment for covariates (age: \u00a0=\u00a00.04,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05; myopia vs nonmyopia: \u00a0=\u00a00.28,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Based on the developed formula \u0394SE\/\u0394AL\u00a0=\u00a01.74\u2009+\u20090.05*age (for myopes), mean \u0394SE\/\u0394AL in myopes increased from 2.06 D\/mm in the 6\u2010year\u2010olds to 2.59 D\/mm in the 16\u2010year\u2010olds. In nonmyopes, \u0394SE\/\u0394AL\u00a0=\u00a01.33\u2009+\u20090.05*age, and the ratio increased from 1.65 D\/mm in the 6\u2010year\u2010olds to 2.18 D\/mm in the 16\u2010year\u2010olds.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ratio of \u0394SE\/\u0394AL varied with age and refractive status in children and adolescents. The age\u2010specific \u0394SE\/\u0394AL could be used to estimate SE progression through the actual AL change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T06:03:37Z","timestamp":1656482617000},"page":"1133-1140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Association between axial length elongation and spherical equivalent progression in Chinese children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7557-7643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai Vision Health Center &amp; Shanghai Children Myopia Institute  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai Vision Health Center &amp; Shanghai Children Myopia Institute  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai Vision Health Center &amp; Shanghai Children Myopia Institute  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4625-5693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linlin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai Vision Health Center &amp; Shanghai Children Myopia Institute  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai Vision Health Center &amp; Shanghai Children Myopia Institute  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinliuxing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai Vision Health Center &amp; Shanghai Children Myopia Institute  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haidong","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai Vision Health Center &amp; Shanghai Children Myopia Institute  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4246-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai Vision Health Center &amp; Shanghai Children Myopia Institute  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Center of Eye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital Shanghai Vision Health Center &amp; 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