{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T02:41:33Z","timestamp":1780972893730,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003921","name":"Department of Health, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012617","name":"Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014461","name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust\/Institute of Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014461","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are several indirect methods used to estimate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count in an individual eye, but there is limited information as to the agreement between these methods. In this work, RGC receptive field (RGC\u2010RF) count underlying a spot stimulus (0.43\u00b0, Goldmann III) was calculated and compared using three different methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RGC\u2010RF count was calculated at a retinal eccentricity of 2.32\u2009mm for 44 healthy adult participants (aged 18\u201358\u2009years, refractive error \u22129.75 DS to +1.75 DS) using: (i) functional measures of achromatic peripheral grating resolution acuity (PGRA), (ii) structural measures of RGC\u2010layer thickness (OCT\u2010model, based on the method outlined by Raza and Hood) and (iii) scaling published histology density data to simulate a global expansion in myopia (Histology\u2010Balloon).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Whilst average RGC\u2010RF counts from the OCT\u2010model (median 105.3, IQR 99.6\u2013111.0) and the Histology\u2010Balloon model (median 107.5, IQR 97.7\u2013114.6) were similar, PGRA estimates were approximately 65% lower (median 37.7, IQR 33.8\u201346.0). However, there was poor agreement between all three methods (Bland\u2013Altman 95% limits of agreement; PGRA\/OCT: 55.4; PGRA\/Histology\u2010Balloon 59.3; OCT\/Histology\u2010Balloon: 52.4). High intersubject variability in RGC\u2010RF count was evident using all three methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lower PGRA RGC\u2010RF counts may be the result of targeting only a specific subset of functional RGCs, as opposed to the coarser approach of the OCT\u2010model and Histology\u2010Balloon, which include all RGCs, and also likely displaced amacrine cells. In the absence of a \u2018ground truth\u2019, direct measure of RGC\u2010RF count, it is not possible to determine which method is most accurate, and each has limitations. However, what is clear is the poor agreement found between the methods prevents direct comparison of RGC\u2010RF counts between studies utilising different methodologies and highlights the need to utilise the same method in longitudinal work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T04:23:53Z","timestamp":1662438233000},"page":"1338-1352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Examining the concordance of retinal ganglion cell counts generated using measures of structure and function"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7486-4125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Stapley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Optometry &amp; Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Ulster University  Coleraine UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3981-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger S.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Optometry &amp; Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Ulster University  Coleraine UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9289-5731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Optometry &amp; Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Ulster University  Coleraine UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5166-0592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e1draig J.","family":"Mulholland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Optometry &amp; Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Ulster University  Coleraine UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2008.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"774","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell death in experimental glaucoma and after axotomy occurs by apoptosis","volume":"36","author":"Quigley HA","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.09.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1613445114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711734114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"4608","article-title":"Multimodal adaptive optics imaging of ganglion cells in patients with primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"60","author":"Liu Z","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.004246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-030320-041255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0688"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.6.853"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0374"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.4.001524"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903000103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004170050338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-12-05334.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcz035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2007.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/14.7.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1817076116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(87)90134-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00013-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5718"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/292344a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Current approaches to vision. 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