{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T02:21:25Z","timestamp":1789870885307,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in ocular surface defence. DC can be visualised in vivo by confocal microscopy but have not yet been fully characterised in humans. This study investigated the diurnal variation, topographical distribution and repeatability of DC density and morphology measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) was conducted on 20 healthy participants (mean age 32.7\u00a0\u00b1\u20096.4\u2009years, 50% female) at baseline and repeated after 30\u2009minutes, 2, 6 and 24\u2009h. Images were captured at the corneal centre, inferior whorl, corneal periphery, limbus and bulbar conjunctiva. DC were counted manually, and their morphology was assessed for cell body size, presence of dendrites, and presence of long and thick dendrites. Mixed\u2010model analysis, non\u2010parametric analyses, Bland and Altman plots, coefficient of repeatability (CoR) and kappa were used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were no significant changes in DC density (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2265\u20090.74) or morphology (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u20090.07) at any location over the 24\u2010h period. The highest DC density was observed at the corneal limbus followed by the peripheral cornea (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.001), with the lowest density at the corneal centre, inferior whorl and bulbar conjunctiva. Most DC at the corneal periphery, limbus and bulbar conjunctiva had larger cell bodies compared with the corneal centre (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2264\u20090.01), and the presence of long dendrites was observed mostly at non\u2010central locations. Day\u2010to\u2010day CoR for DC density ranged from \u00b128.1 cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      at the corneal centre to \u00b156.4 cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      at the limbus. Day\u2010to\u2010day agreement of DC morphology determined by kappa ranged from 0.5 to 0.95 for cell body size, 0.60 to 0.95 for presence of dendrites, and 0.55 to 0.80 for the presence of long dendrites at various locations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No diurnal changes are apparent in corneal or conjunctival DC. Substantial topographical differences exist in DC density and morphology. IVCM provides good repeatability of DC density and acceptable agreement of DC morphology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T09:50:27Z","timestamp":1672653027000},"page":"273-283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Diurnal changes and topographical distribution of ocular surface epithelial dendritic cells in humans, and repeatability of density and morphology assessment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5432-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Tajbakhsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1351-0072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Jalbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7203-5443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona","family":"Stapleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9348-6470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanka","family":"Golebiowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000099254"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1102544"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/32588"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.137.5.1142"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.8.1132"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13972"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201032410\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00742"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2213"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800684RR"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2012.696172"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200207)32:7<2074::AID-IMMU2074>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15270"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108168"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA00818G"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2019.1646775"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307429"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201022021\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730415577723"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160723"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2022.2088799"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1600196"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","unstructured":"AlzahraniY.In vivo assessment of inflammatory cells in contact lens wearers. 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