{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:16:35Z","timestamp":1787015795021,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Topography of the\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      anterior segment is of relevance in understanding its role in myopia and in the development of ocular surgical procedures. Using 3D magnetic resonance (MR) images of the human eye, regional variations in surface area (SA) and bulbosity of four anterior segment regions were investigated in association with refractive status (Rx), axial length (AL) and total ocular volume (OV).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      T2\u2010weighted ocular MR images from 43 adults aged 18\u201340\u2009years (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD; 28.65\u2009\u00b1\u20096.20) comprising 20 non\u2010myopes (\u2265\u22120.50) 0.57\u2009\u00b1\u20091.38\u00a0and 23 myopes (&lt;\u22120.50) \u22126.37\u2009\u00b1\u20094.23 MSE (D) were collected. 2D representations of each quadrant (superior\u2010temporal [ST], superior\u2010nasal [SN], inferior\u2010temporal [IT] and inferior\u2010nasal [IN]) of the anterior section (3.5\u20139\u2009mm) were fitted with second\u2010order polynomials. Polynomials were integrated and rotated about the\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010axis to generate SA; dividing the SA by 4 provided relative quadrantial SA. The\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      coefficient provides indices of bulbosity. OV was derived from the 3D MRI scans. Rx and AL were measured using cycloplegic autorefraction and the Zeiss IOLMaster, respectively. One\u2010 and two\u2010way repeated\u2010measures ANCOVAs tested differences in SA and bulbosity for Rx, gender, ethnicity and age. Pearson's correlation coefficient tested the relationship between MRI\u2010derived metrics and biometry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant differences in SA were observed between quadrants (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.001) with differences between ST versus IN, IN versus IT and SN versus IT. An interaction effect (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.01) for Rx suggested smaller temporal (ST and IT) and larger nasal (SN and IN) SA in myopes. AL and myopic Rx were negative correlated (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.05) with SA at IN, SN and IT. OV was significantly associated with SA at ST. Bulbosity showed no regional differences nor an effect of AL or Rx.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant regional variation in SA exists across the anterior segment that is modulated by Rx and AL. It is unclear whether these structural characteristics are a precursor or consequence of myopia and may warrant investigation when developing biomechanical interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T01:19:46Z","timestamp":1675819186000},"page":"368-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Conformation of the anterior segment in human myopia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8203-7979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hetal","family":"Buckhurst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Plymouth of University  Plymouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Gilmartin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry Aston University  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