{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:20:20Z","timestamp":1790864420982,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify the amount of myopic defocus, contrast modulation and other optical characteristics of two novel spectacle lenses (MiYOSMART by Hoya and Stellest by Essilor) with the inclusion of lenslets in their designs were investigated computationally and experimentally. This paper examined the hypothesis that despite the non\u2010coaxial nature of the optics, image degradation will exist due to the fragmented nature of the base optic when imaging through the lens regions populated by lenslets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Optical power was evaluated by computing wavefront vergence and curvature from wavefront slope measured with the Optocraft aberrometer within 1.0 and 6.0\u2009mm apertures across MiYOSMART hexagons and Stellest rings. Point\u2010spread functions (PSFs) were computed using physical (wave) optics and geometrical ray optics principles, and compared with experimental measurements using a 4f optical system. Simulated retinal images and modulation transfer functions (MTFs) were computed from PSF\u2010derived optical transfer functions (OTFs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean lenslet power in MiYOSMART was +3.95\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10 D through the hexagons and +6.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15 D in Stellest in rings 1\u20135 and decreased by 0.42 D\/ring reaching 3.50 D in the final one. Stellest lenslets included up to \u22120.015 microns of primary spherical aberration. PSFs and retinal images revealed simultaneous contributions of the base optic and lenslets. MTFs showed a decrease in contrast at low (1\u201310 c\/deg) spatial frequencies (SFs) comparable to 0.25 D of defocus, and retention of diminished levels of contrast at higher SFs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Varying sagittal power and consistent curvature power across the lenslets is an identifying signature of the novel non\u2010coaxial lens design included in both spectacle lenses. Lenslet array structure itself plays a significant role in determining image characteristics. For both lenses, the blur created by the fragmented base optic contributes to the image quality. The reduced MTFs over a wide range of spatial frequencies result in lowered image contrast.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T05:05:10Z","timestamp":1675487110000},"page":"388-401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Optical characterisation of two novel myopia control spectacle lenses"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4080-1326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Gantes\u2010Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Optometry  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5824-7135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matt","family":"Jaskulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Optometry  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6696-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norberto","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CiViUM Research Group Universidad de Murcia  Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9568-2064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pete S.","family":"Kollbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Optometry  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8343"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(88)90113-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11713"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10834"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347\u2010021\u201001571\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313739"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"1110","article-title":"Myopia control effect of defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lens in Chinese children: results of a 3\u2010year follow\u2010up study","volume":"106","author":"Lam CSY","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"1171","article-title":"One\u2010year myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets","volume":"106","author":"Bao J","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.0401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12725"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.032301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"564","volume-title":"Introduction to Fourier optics","author":"Goodman JW","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metrics of optical quality of the eye","volume":"4","author":"Thibos LN","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vis."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.30.001448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohc.2004.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.70.000998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.26.001035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.24.000569"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.2.000799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181d95217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Influence of lenslet configuration on short\u2010term visual performance in myopia control spectacle lenses","volume":"15","author":"Li X","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"565","volume-title":"Optics","author":"Hecht E","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012650"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199304000-00006"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.13098","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/opo.13098","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.13098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:23:41Z","timestamp":1767785021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/opo.13098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/opo.13098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.13098","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}