{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T06:55:07Z","timestamp":1774421707209,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnosis of congenital optic nerve hypoplasia (CONH) can be challenging in children or uncooperative individuals. Misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment; thus, it is important to identify an objective and reliable measurement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD\u2010OCT) is a valid test for diagnosing CONH by comparing it to the disc\u2013macula distance to disc diameter (DM:DD) ratio.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 93 participants (64 controls and 29 CONH) underwent comprehensive eye examinations, fundus photography and Cirrus SD\u2010OCT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the DM:DD ratio and OCT disc area were constructed for CONH and control eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean (\u00b1SD) OCT disc area was 1.46 (\u00b10.42)\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and 1.89 (\u00b10.38)\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      for CONH and control eyes, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The area under the curve for the DM:DD ratio was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.91\u20130.99) and 0.79 for OCT disc area (95% confidence interval: 0.70\u20130.86), which were significantly different (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0005). The optimal cut\u2010off value for OCT disc area was 1.66\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (76% sensitivity, 70% specificity), while the optimal cut\u2010off for DM:DD ratio was 3.10 (85% sensitivity and 95% specificity). The Cirrus SD\u2010OCT showed a tendency to overestimate disc size, especially in cases with no light perception (NLP) or segmental CONH.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although the DM:DD ratio is superior to OCT in diagnosing CONH with a higher sensitivity and specificity, the ratio is subject to inter\u2010examiner variability and can be challenging to obtain. We found the Cirrus SD\u2010OCT to be a valid objective test for diagnosing CONH. Caution is advised when using SD\u2010OCT in segmental CONH or in an eye with NLP. We suggest 1.66\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      as the optimal cut\u2010off value for Cirrus SD\u2010OCT disc area to differentiate a hypoplastic from a normal optic disc.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T07:57:17Z","timestamp":1681372637000},"page":"916-921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of Cirrus spectral domain OCT with disc\u2013macula distance to disc diameter ratio in diagnosing congenital optic nerve hypoplasia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7602-1076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois College of Optometry  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Frantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois College of Optometry  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huizi Kelly","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078004416.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.75.7.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2002.800313.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-8531(99)70091-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Optic nerve hypoplasia: papillary diameter and clinical correlation","volume":"5","author":"Beuchat L","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1972.01000030257005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(78)90301-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.74.5.297"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00165948"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-8531(99)70005-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210111701"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12229"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001530"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31817c92df"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1987.tb07051.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19880501-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Ganglionic neuroretinal aplasia and hypoplasia: aplasia and hypoplasia of optic nerve","volume":"8","author":"Awan KJ","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.1.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2291010898"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21947"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850500539033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42480"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S225731"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2013.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31822e8e51"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181996f05"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181be0712"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.13138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:23:47Z","timestamp":1767785027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/opo.13138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/opo.13138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.13138","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}