{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:15:37Z","timestamp":1791227737790,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dual\u2010focus contact lenses create two focal planes, one providing a clear retinal image while the other imposes myopic defocus on the retina to slow myopia progression. This study used global\u2010flash multifocal electroretinogram (gmfERG) response amplitudes to compare central versus peripheral retinal responses under dual\u2010focus conditions and to assess the optimal degree of myopic defocus compared with a single\u2010vision control lens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty participants each underwent three gmfERG trials, wearing a spectacle correction over dual\u2010focus contact lenses with plano central power and peripheral secondary focal powers of either +2.00D, +4.00D or a plano single\u2010vision lens. We compared amplitudes and latencies of the gmfERG direct and induced components (DC and IC) within participants, between the three different contact lens powers and at different retinal eccentricities (gmfERG ring).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed significant differences in the gmfERG responses between the single\u2010vision and dual\u2010focus contact lenses. Overall, DC amplitudes peaked between zero and\u2009+2.00D secondary power, while IC amplitudes were maximal between +2.00D and\u2009+4.00D. Compared with the single\u2010vision control, the greatest increase in DC and IC amplitudes while wearing dual\u2010focus lenses occurred within the central 10\u00b0 of the retina. There was no interaction effect between gmfERG ring (eccentricity) and secondary power, and no difference in the latency of the gmfERG responses between different powers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that dual\u2010focus contact lenses with a +2.00D secondary power are close to that expected to induce the greatest increase in gmfERG responses relative to a single\u2010vision lens. Dual\u2010focus lenses produced the highest DC and IC response amplitudes relative to a single\u2010vision lens in the central 10\u00b0 of the retina. This suggests that dual\u2010focus contact lenses slow myopia progression by modifying central rather than peripheral retinal activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T07:34:31Z","timestamp":1684136071000},"page":"1100-1109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dual\u2010focus contact lenses for myopia control modify central retinal electrophysiology in humans"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9892-2964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip R. 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