{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:15:03Z","timestamp":1790349303258,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY019105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY019105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY07088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY07088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY07551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY07551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare optical performance, visual performance, and patient\u2010perceived quality of vision with: (1) spectacles determined using subjective refraction and (2) spectacles determined using an objective optimisation method based on wavefront aberration data for eyes with keratoconus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010seven eyes (20 subjects) with keratoconus underwent both subjective refraction and uncorrected wavefront aberration measurement. Wavefront aberration data were used to objectively identify a sphero\u2010cylindrical refraction that optimised the visual image quality metric visual Strehl ratio (VSX). The two refractions were assembled in trial frames and worn by the subject in a random order. High\u2010contrast visual acuity (VA), letter contrast sensitivity (CS), and the patient's short\u2010term subjective preference were recorded for each prescription.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median magnitude of the dioptric difference (a measure of similarity between the subjective and objective refractions) was 2.77 D (range\u2009=\u20090.21\u201320.44 D, first quartile\u2009=\u20091.02 D, third quartile\u2009=\u20094.36 D). Sixty\u2010eight per cent of eyes had better VA with the objective refraction and 32% of eyes gained more than one line of VA. Monocularly, objective refraction was preferred 68% of the time when looking at a distant acuity chart and 76% of the time when viewing a real\u2010world dynamic scene.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Objective refraction based on visual image quality derived from wavefront aberration data can be valuable in the determination of monocular spectacle refractions for individuals with keratoconus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T02:15:43Z","timestamp":1684980943000},"page":"1007-1015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Utilising a visual image quality metric to optimise spectacle prescriptions for eyes with keratoconus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth L. S.","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Optometry  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8959-5984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gareth D.","family":"Hastings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Optometry  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan Chi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Optometry  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond A.","family":"Applegate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Optometry  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2774-7724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason D.","family":"Marsack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Optometry  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12931"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"2537","article-title":"Baseline findings in the collaborative longitudinal evaluation of keratoconus (CLEK) study","volume":"39","author":"Zadnik K","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis 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