{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T22:45:59Z","timestamp":1786488359691,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N013166\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N013166\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To compare axial length (AL) growth curves in East Asian (EA) and non\u2010EA emmetropes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A meta\u2010regression of 28 studies with emmetrope\u2010specific AL data (measured with optical biometry) was performed. Emmetropia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) between \u22120.50 and +1.25\u2009D, determined under cycloplegia if the mean age was \u226420\u2009years. The AL growth curve (mean AL vs. mean age) was first fitted to the full dataset using a weighted nonlinear mixed\u2010effects model, before refitting the model with ethnicity as a two\u2010level grouping variable (EA vs. non\u2010EA). Ethnic differences in growth curve parameters were tested using the Wald test.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 3331 EA and 1071 non\u2010EA emmetropes (mean age: 6.5\u201323.1\u2009years) were included. There was no evidence of an ethnic difference in either final AL (difference: 0.15\u2009mm, 95% CI: \u22120.04 to 0.35\u2009mm,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.15) or initial AL, as represented by the amount that the final AL needed to be offset to obtain the\n y<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010intercept (difference: \u22122.77\u2009mm, 95% CI: \u221210.97 to 5.44,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.51). Likewise, AL growth rate (curve steepness) did not differ between ethnic groups (difference: 0.09, 95% CI: \u22120.13 to 0.31,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.43). Collectively, AL growth rate decreased from 0.24\u2009mm\/year at 6\u2009years of age to around 0.05\u2009mm\/year at 11\u2009years of age, after which it dipped below the repeatability of optical biometry (\u00b10.04\u2009mm) and practically plateaued around 16\u2009years of age (final AL: 23.60\u2009mm).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n EA and non\u2010EA emmetropes have comparable AL growth curves.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T11:59:23Z","timestamp":1687867163000},"page":"1412-1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Emmetropic eye growth in East Asians and non\u2010East Asians"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4730-7363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian SL","family":"Yii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Curle Ophthalmology Laboratory, Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3798.730"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OPX.0000145028.53923.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OPX.0000145020.33250.C0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25980"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102288\u201014\u2010135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-26247"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.13195","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:23:32Z","timestamp":1767785012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/opo.13195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/opo.13195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.13195","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}