{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:17:49Z","timestamp":1787015869428,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014730","name":"Taipei City Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H10237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H10237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014730","name":"Taipei City Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P10303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P10303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014730","name":"Taipei City Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["104HM01L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104HM01L"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014730","name":"Taipei City Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W105004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W105004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014730","name":"Taipei City Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106HM01L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106HM01L"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the incidence rate and risk factors for anisometropia among young schoolchildren.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A population\u2010based cohort study, the Myopia Investigation Study in Taipei, was conducted in primary schools in Taipei City. Children were recruited for biannual comprehensive eye examinations over 2\u2009years. Cycloplegic autorefraction and slit lamp examinations were performed biannually. Data on demographic information, parental history, lifestyle and near\u2010work activities were collected using parent\u2010administered questionnaires at the first and final visits. Anisometropia was defined as \u22651\u2009D difference in the spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 7035 8\u2010year\u2010old children completed the 2\u2010year follow\u2010up evaluations. The average annual incidence of anisometropia was 3.8%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that baseline SE (odds ratio [OR]: 0.87 95% CI: 0.80\u20130.95) and female sex (OR: 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02\u20131.50) were significantly associated with incident anisometropia. Among lifestyle risk factors, spending &lt;1\u2009h per day in after\u2010school outdoor activities on weekdays (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.08\u20131.76) and performing near work at a distance &lt;30\u2009cm (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.08\u20131.64) were significantly associated with an increased risk of incident anisometropia. In the multiple linear regression analysis, the inter\u2010eye difference in SE increased significantly in children performing near work at distances &lt;30\u2009cm (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study indicated the annual incidence of anisometropia in Taiwanese schoolchildren. Less time spent outdoors and shorter eye\u2010to\u2010object distances during near work increased the risk of incident anisometropia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T04:23:18Z","timestamp":1691727798000},"page":"1500-1509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk factors for anisometropia in schoolchildren: A population\u2010based, longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2026-2636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia\u2010Wei","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital Fu Jen Catholic University  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010Chen","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, School of Nursing Fooyin University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Der\u2010Chong","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital  Yilan Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching\u2010Yao","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei City Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Business Administration Fu Jen Catholic University  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"General 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