{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:24:35Z","timestamp":1792653875947,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012643","name":"Ohio Lions Eye Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the ability of QuickSee to detect children at risk for significant vision conditions (significant refractive error [RE], amblyopia and strabismus).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non\u2010cycloplegic refraction (using QuickSee without and with +2 dioptre (D) fogging lenses) and unaided binocular near visual acuity (VA) were measured in 4\u2010 to 12\u2010year\u2010old children. Eye examination findings (VA, cover testing and cycloplegic retinoscopy) were used to determine the presence of vision conditions. QuickSee performance was summarised by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity for various levels of RE. QuickSee referral criteria for each vision condition were chosen to maximise sensitivity at a specificity of approximately 85%\u201390%. Sensitivity and specificity to detect vision conditions were calculated using multiple criteria. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the benefit of adding near VA (6\/12 or worse) for detecting hyperopia. A paired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test compared QuickSee without and with fogging lenses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age was 8.2 (\u00b12.5) years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009174). RE ranged up to 9.25\u2009D myopia, 8\u2009D hyperopia, 5.25\u2009D astigmatism and 3.5\u2009D anisometropia. The testability of the QuickSee was 94.3%. AUC was \u22650.92 (excellent) for each level of RE. For the detection of any RE, sensitivity and specificity were 84.2% and 87.3%, respectively, using modified Orinda criteria and 94.5% and 78.2%, respectively, using the American Academy for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) guidelines. For the detection of any significant vision condition, the sensitivity and specificity of QuickSee were 81.1% and 87.9%, respectively, using modified Orinda criteria and 93% and 78.6%, respectively, using AAPOS criteria. There was no significant benefit of adding near VA to QuickSee for the detection of hyperopia \u2265+2.00 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.34). There was no significant difference between QuickSee measurements of hyperopic refractive error with and without fogging lenses (difference\u2009=\u2009\u22120.09\u2009D;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.51).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>QuickSee had high discriminatory power for detecting children with hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, anisometropia, any significant refractive error or any significant vision condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T02:19:28Z","timestamp":1710901168000},"page":"501-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Detection of significant vision conditions in children using\n                    <scp>QuickSee<\/scp>\n                    wavefront autorefractor"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2331-0493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anh","family":"Bui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Optometry  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2557-2422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. Lynn","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Optometry  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"McDaniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Optometry  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5085-343X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Optometry  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0535-2685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Optometry  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Buckland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Optometry  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0486-6998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjean T.","family":"Kulp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Optometry  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2021.1954664"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68581-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000483"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"681","article-title":"Uncorrected hyperopia and preschool early literacy: results of the vision in preschoolers\u2010hyperopia in preschoolers (VIP\u2010HIP) study","volume":"123","author":"VIP\u2010HIP Study Group","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000492"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-42302010000400013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000485"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000779"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102017\u2010021277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1882-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010023\u201016484\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10824669.2018.1477602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20200331-02"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2022.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2018.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"HustonAK KulpMT Ohio State University.College of Optometry. 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