{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:37:18Z","timestamp":1788320238647,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether visible light is needed to elicit axial eye shortening by exposure to long wavelength light.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incoherent narrow\u2010band red (620\u2009\u00b1\u200910\u2009nm) or near\u2010infrared (NIR, 875\u2009\u00b1\u200930\u2009nm) light was generated by an array of light\u2010emitting diodes (LEDs) and projected monocularly in 17 myopic and 13 non\u2010myopic subjects for 10\u2009min. The fellow eye was occluded. Light sources were positioned 50\u2009cm from the eye in a dark room. Axial length (AL) was measured before and after the exposure using low\u2010coherence interferometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non\u2010myopic subjects responded to red light with significant eye shortening, while NIR light induced minor axial elongation (\u221213.3\u2009\u00b1\u200917.3\u2009\u03bcm vs. +6.5\u2009\u00b1\u200911.6\u2009\u03bcm, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005). Only 41% of the myopic subjects responded to red light exposure with a decrease in AL and changes were therefore, on average, not significantly different from those observed with NIR light (+0.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.1\u2009\u03bcm vs. +1.1\u2009\u00b1\u200911.2\u2009\u03bcm, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.83). Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between refractive error and induced changes in AL after exposure to NIR light in myopic eyes (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      (15)\u2009=\u2009\u22120.52,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) and induced changes in AL after exposure to red light in non\u2010myopic eyes (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      (11)\u2009=\u20090.62,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), with more induced axial elongation with increasing refractive error.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incoherent narrow\u2010band red light at 620\u2009nm induced axial shortening in 77% of non\u2010myopic and 41% of myopic eyes. NIR light did not induce any significant changes in AL in either refractive group, suggesting that the beneficial effect of red laser light therapy on myopia progression requires visible stimulation and not simply thermal energy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T08:48:26Z","timestamp":1711961306000},"page":"954-962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects of short\u2010term exposure to red or near\u2010infrared light on axial length in young human subjects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6939-690X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Swiatczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB)  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3685-0811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Schaeffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB)  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Section of Neurobiology of the Eye, Ophthalmic Research Institute University of Tuebingen  Tuebingen 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