{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:43:54Z","timestamp":1767847434737,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact (DISC) lenses, a commonly used type of multifocal lens in clinical practice, may slow down myopia progression by inducing myopic retinal defocus. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the induced defocus across the retina could be affected by visual environments encountered in the real world, such as differences in viewing distance and ambient illuminance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross\u2010over trial, 30 myopic adults wore both DISC lenses and single vision contact (SVC) lenses in random order. An open\u2010view Hartmann\u2013Shack scanning wavefront sensor was used to measure defocus at different retinal locations along the horizontal meridian under four experimental conditions: far target (3\u2009m) and near targets (0.33\u2009m) under scotopic (&lt;1 lux) or photopic (~300 lux) conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results showed that DISC lenses induced more myopic retinal defocus than SVC lenses in all conditions (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), except for the scotopic near target. In addition, for DISC lenses, the defocus was greater in the photopic than the scotopic conditions for both the far and near targets (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, the retinal defocus induced by these multifocal lenses was dependent on both visual distance and ambient illuminance, indicating that the visual conditions might affect the anti\u2010myopia efficacy of these devices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T09:51:30Z","timestamp":1720518690000},"page":"1237-1247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The induced defocus by Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact lenses is dependent on visual distance and ambient illuminance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Jiangdong","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aier Academy of Ophthalmology Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"Hunan Province Optometry Engineering and Technology Research Centre  Changsha China"},{"name":"Hunan Province International Cooperation Base for Optometry Science and Technology  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenghua","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Province Optometry Engineering and Technology Research Centre  Changsha China"},{"name":"Hunan Province International Cooperation Base for Optometry Science and Technology  Changsha China"},{"name":"Laboratorio de \u00d3ptica Universidad de Murcia  Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Province Optometry Engineering and Technology Research Centre  Changsha China"},{"name":"Hunan Province International Cooperation Base for Optometry Science and Technology  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhikuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aier Academy of Ophthalmology Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"Hunan Province Optometry Engineering and Technology Research Centre  Changsha China"},{"name":"Hunan Province International Cooperation Base for Optometry Science and Technology  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Artal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aier Academy of Ophthalmology Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"Laboratorio de \u00d3ptica 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