{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:41:01Z","timestamp":1792172461243,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demands for myopia management are rising. A web\u2010based tool that allows home\u2010performed self\u2010assessments of visual acuity (VA) and refractive error may enable hybrid care pathways and aid in identifying those with deteriorating visual performance. The tool has been validated in adult populations, but has yet to be evaluated in children. This study compared home\u2010performed VA and refraction self\u2010assessments to conventional measurements obtained at the clinic in a population of myopic children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myopic children aged \u22656\u2009years old were invited to perform web\u2010based eye tests at home, assisted by a parent. At two myopia control clinics, they also underwent measurements of VA using a Snellen chart and refractive error using cycloplegic autorefraction. Agreement between the tests, repeatability of the web\u2010based test and associations between clinical characteristics and web\u2010based test accuracy were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 147 children were enrolled, of whom 116 (51% male; mean age 13\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009years; mean spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ) \u22125.58\u2009\u00b1\u20093.05) performed the web\u2010based tests at home. Overall, the home\u2010performed VA self\u2010assessment and the Snellen chart assessment at the clinic agreed well (mean difference 0.03\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11 logMAR). A significant proportional bias was identified (\u03b2 0.65,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), indicating underestimated web\u2010based VA scores when the child's vision declined. The sensitivity to detect VA poorer than 0.10 logMAR was 94%; the specificity was 71%. The web\u2010based refractive error algorithm measured more myopia progression compared to clinic observations (mean difference SEQ 0.40\u2009\u00b1\u20090.51 dioptres). Age, sex or use of atropine drops were not significantly associated with test accuracy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The web\u2010based test for self\u2010assessing vision, performed at home by children with assistance from their parents, yielded VA scores with a precision similar to Snellen chart testing conducted in a clinical setting. However, the web\u2010based refractive error algorithm overestimated myopia progression and requires recalibration for this specific age group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T11:41:42Z","timestamp":1722426102000},"page":"1444-1452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluating a web\u2010based visual acuity and refractive error self\u2010assessment tool in myopic children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9586-9080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janneau L. J.","family":"Claessens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the\u00a0Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marloes A.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the\u00a0Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casper","family":"van der Zee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the\u00a0Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Roelof","family":"Polling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the\u00a0Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Optometry &amp; Orthoptics, Institute of Allied Health Studies University of Applied Sciences  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda A.","family":"Meester\u2010Smoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the\u00a0Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline C. W.","family":"Klaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the\u00a0Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen the\u00a0Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus Medical Center  Rotterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2844-9868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert P. L.","family":"Wisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the\u00a0Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0010-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"The impact of myopia and high myopia\u2014report of the Joint World HealthOrganization\u2013Brien Holden Vision Institute.2015. 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