{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T01:01:47Z","timestamp":1787619707152,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Postdoctoral Award (to ATA)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Postdoctoral Award (to ATA)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012909","name":"College of Optometrists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Postdoctoral Award (to JD & ATA)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Postdoctoral Award (to JD & ATA)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012909","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frequency\u2010of\u2010seeing (FoS) curves (psychometric functions) for perimetric stimuli have been widely used in computer simulations of new visual field test procedures. FoS curves for age\u2010related macular degeneration (AMD) are not available in the literature and are needed for the development of improved microperimetry test procedures, which are of particular interest for use as clinical trial endpoints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were refitted from a previous study to generate FoS curves for 20 participants with AMD, each tested at nine locations within the central 10\u00b0. Stimulus parameters, background luminance and dB scale were matched to the MAIA\u20102 microperimeter, and stimuli were presented in a method of constant stimuli to build up FoS curves over multiple runs. FoS curves were fitted with a modified cumulative Gaussian function. The relationship between sensitivity and slope of fitted FoS curves was modelled by robust linear regression, producing models both with and without an eccentricity parameter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FoS curves were satisfactorily fitted to data from 174 visual field locations in 20 participants (age 65\u201383\u2009years, 11 female). Each curve was made up of a median of 243 (range 177\u2013297) stimulus presentations over a median of 12 (range 9\u201332) levels. Median sensitivity was 25.5\u2009dB (range 3.8\u201331.4\u2009dB). The median slope (SD of fitted function) was 1.6\u2009dB (range 0.5\u20138.5\u2009dB). As in previous studies of other conditions, the slope of fitted FoS curves increased as sensitivity decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FoS are provided for participants with AMD, as well as models of the relationship between sensitivity and slope. These fitted models and data may be useful for computer simulation studies of microperimetry procedures. Full details of the fitted curves are provided as supporting information.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T06:10:05Z","timestamp":1727417405000},"page":"301-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Frequency\u2010of\u2010seeing curves (psychometric functions) for perimetric stimuli in age\u2010related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2760-9054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Denniss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science University of Bradford  Bradford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen C.","family":"Baggaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry Unit, Department of Ophthalmology Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Astle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00392.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.1165.1163.1163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2021.3057437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.5.2.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.12.6.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.7.5.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13761"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.2.4.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"3534","article-title":"Characteristics of frequency\u2010of\u2010seeing curves in normal subjects, patients with suspected glaucoma, and patients with glaucoma","volume":"34","author":"Chauhan BC","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"878","article-title":"The psychometric function and reaction times of automated perimetry in normal and abnormal areas of the visual field in patients with glaucoma","volume":"37","author":"Wall M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"1404","article-title":"Variability components of standard automated perimetry and frequency\u2010doubling perimetry","volume":"42","author":"Spry PGD","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"417","article-title":"Response variability in the visual field: comparison of optic neuritis, glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and normal eyes","volume":"41","author":"Henson DB","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.1.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/12.11.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24861"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176350366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"MaechlerM RousseeuwP CrouxC TodorovV RuckstuhlA Salibian\u2010BarreraM et\u00a0al.robustbase: basic robust statistics. R\u00a0Package Version 0.99\u20102. Available from:http:\/\/robustbaser\u2010forger\u2010projectorg\/;2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10428"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.13396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:24:49Z","timestamp":1767785089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/opo.13396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/opo.13396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.13396","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}