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Surprisingly, few texts offer an explanation and those that do either provide insufficient detail, contain misleading information or are difficult to follow. There is a prevalent misconception that multiple cylinders are required for the orthogonal line focus to appear. However, this is untrue; Maddox himself only used a single cylinder when he first described the phenomenon. Herein, we review the optics explanations provided in a sample of texts and offer an accurate explanation using the biplanar principle of astigmatic refraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T06:29:58Z","timestamp":1734416998000},"page":"433-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Maddox rod: Revisiting the optics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9652-288X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malak","family":"Habib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1545-9231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas Howard","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sight Specialists  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Clinical optics","author":"Elkington AR","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199584994.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"A new test for heterophoria","volume":"9","author":"Maddox EE","year":"1890","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1959.00940090248009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Section\u00a03: Clinical Optics and Vision Rehabilitation","author":"Brodie SE","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Bennett & Rabbetts' clinical visual optics","author":"Rabbetts RB","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1934.00830090166020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/aoj.59.1.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316275474"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Handbook of visual optics. Volume 1: Fundamentals and Eye Optics","author":"Artal P","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Optics","author":"Freeman MH","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108552493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Geometrical and visual optics","author":"Schwartz SH","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003524793"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","volume-title":"Practical ophthalmology: a manual for beginning residents","author":"Blomquist PH","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","volume-title":"Section\u00a06: Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","author":"Khan AO","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","volume-title":"Kanski's clinical ophthalmology: a systematic approach","author":"Salmon JF","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"Clinical procedures in primary eye care","author":"Elliott DB","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"Clinical procedures for ocular examination","author":"Carlson N","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","volume-title":"Pickwell's binocular vision anomalies","author":"Evans BJW","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"Clinical management of binocular vision","author":"Scheiman M","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.13434","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:24:52Z","timestamp":1767785092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/opo.13434"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/opo.13434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.13434","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}