{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:55:35Z","timestamp":1791417335881,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY030518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY030518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess longitudinal changes in optical quality across the periphery (horizontal meridian, 60\u00b0) in young children who are at high (HR) or low risk (LR) of developing myopia, as well as\u00a0a small subgroup of children who developed myopia over a 3\u2010year time frame.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aberrations were measured every 6\u2009months in 92 children with functional emmetropia at baseline. Children were classified into HR or LR based on baseline refractive error and parental myopia. Zernike polynomials were calculated for 4\u2009mm pupils, accounting for the elliptical shape of the pupil in the periphery. Various metrics were computed, including Strehl Ratios\u00a0with only high\u2010order aberrations (HO\u2010SR). Primary spherical aberration (SA), horizontal coma and defocus were also analysed given their relevance in emmetropisation. The areas under the image quality metrics for various regions of interest were computed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HO\u2010SR were higher in children at HR and children with myopia, even when SA was removed from the Strehl Ratio (SR) calculation. SA was less positive in children at HR and children with myopia. Defocus was more negative in children at HR and children with myopia at all eccentricities and was even more negative when computed relative to the fovea, an effect that increased in the mid periphery. Relative peripheral defocus also became more negative over time in children at HR and children with myopia at the mid temporal retina. The other aberrations showed no significant changes in time overall.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This longitudinal study showed differences in HO\u2010SR, SA and defocus in the central and near\u2010peripheral retina (\u00b120\u00b0) of young children at HR before they develop myopia compared with children at LR for myopia. The results may indicate these eccentricities are significant in providing signals for emmetropisation. The small changes noted over time may indicate that the differences are a cause of myopia development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T02:58:46Z","timestamp":1737773926000},"page":"550-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Longitudinal measures of peripheral optical quality in young children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8668-9707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuensanta A.","family":"Vera\u2010Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New England College of Optometry  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepa","family":"Dhungel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England College of Optometry  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidan","family":"McCullough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England College of Optometry  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen L.","family":"Kerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England College of Optometry  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Bex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University College of Science  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.The impact of myopia and high myopia.2015. [cited 2024 Aug 26]. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/blindness\/causes\/MyopiaReportforWeb.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.4.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00225-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886\u2010021\u201002036\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1581","article-title":"Longitudinal evidence of crystalline lens thinning in children","volume":"36","author":"Zadnik K","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OPX.0000145028.53923.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001296"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"1936","article-title":"Ocular predictors of the onset of juvenile myopia","volume":"40","author":"Zadnik K","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/266066a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1997.96000403.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108693"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1264"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6757"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.489792"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00236-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200205000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.07.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200301000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/4.4.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10610"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2008.00592.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00114-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00035-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/9.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2012.00739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13533"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2014.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.483819"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12960"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/6.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2009.00378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2014.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2021.2003689"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201024906\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201008177\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/9.10.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.20.000965"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2209566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000214382.75847.c4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.26.002192"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2008.00623.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000364"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2018.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201052533\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201090838\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.24.7.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199706000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00159-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.19.002329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.007903"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.29.000258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.24.002963"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","first-page":"3633","article-title":"Parental myopia, near work, school achievement, and children's refractive error","volume":"43","author":"Mutti DO","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.0471"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","first-page":"514","article-title":"Analysis of myopia and axial length changes and relevant factors of children aged 7 to 14\u2009years in Wenzhou","volume":"52","author":"Zhang J","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20140258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886\u2010018\u20100829\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886\u2010018\u20100716\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.19.002363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","volume-title":"Myopia: causes, prevention, and treatment of an increasingly common disease","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1228257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21217096"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.24.003274"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.33.000863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.19.002180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.002386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201067940\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2024.2419672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181d95217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/10.14.34"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.13438","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:24:55Z","timestamp":1767785095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/opo.13438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/opo.13438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.13438","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}