{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:08:42Z","timestamp":1785370122661,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82101181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19YF1439700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19YF1439700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the longitudinal changes in retinal and choroidal thickness and their relation with the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010eight children with T1DM and 71 healthy controls were included in this 3\u2010year longitudinal study. Ophthalmic and systemic examinations were conducted on each participant. Retinal and choroidal thickness were measured by optical coherence tomography. Baseline values and changes in retinal and choroidal thickness were compared with DR onset, diabetics without DR and healthy controls. Logistic regression was used to explore the association with DR development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six children developed DR during the follow\u2010up period (15.79%) and five of them developed microaneurysms in the parapapillary temporal quadrant. During follow\u2010up, greater retinal thickening occurred in subjects with DR compared with diabetic participants without DR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) and healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) in the parapapillary outer temporal section. Compared with the control group, greater retinal thickening was observed in DR subjects in the averaged parapapillary outer ring (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), the macular inner temporal section (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) and several macular sections (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, greater retinal thickening was observed in several parapapillary regions in non\u2010DR T1DM participants compared with healthy controls (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The thickness change in the outer temporal parapapillary section was independently associated with DR onset (OR\u2009=\u20091.33, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.73,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with T1DM showed a significant or a trend of increasing retinal and choroidal thickness compared with normal controls over a 3\u2010year period. The change of retinal thickness in the parapapillary outer temporal section was associated with the development of DR in children with T1DM, suggesting that it could serve as a biomarker for predicting and screening DR in these individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T22:05:53Z","timestamp":1735941953000},"page":"458-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between the onset of diabetic retinopathy and thickness changes in the retina and choroid of children with type 1 diabetes: A three\u2010year longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6066-2773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Centre for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Centre for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Centre for Visual Science and Photomedicine Shanghai Engineering Centre for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4535-2304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lipu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National 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