{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:19:38Z","timestamp":1773933578286,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016337","name":"Department for the Economy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous research suggests that the electroretinogram (ERG) is reduced and delayed in non\u2010pathological myopia. However, the invasive nature of the electrode and cumbersome equipment required has prevented the widescale uptake of ERG measures. This study investigated whether previously reported changes to the ERG response in myopia are also observable when measured using non\u2010invasive skin electrodes and a hand\u2010held ERG device.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Monocular flash ERGs were measured using the RET\n                      <jats:italic>eval<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00ae device according to the \u2018ISCEV 6 Step Dark First cd\u2019 protocol in 46 participants with non\u2010pathological myopia (spherical equivalent refraction [SER] \u22120.50 to \u221211.25\u2009D, median \u22123.75\u2009D, median axial length [AL] 25.4\u2009mm) and 47 non\u2010myopic controls (SER +2.00 to \u22120.25\u2009D, median +1.00\u2009D, median AL 23.6\u2009mm). Measures were performed under pupil mydriasis with Sensor Strip skin electrodes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median implicit time for all dark\u2010adapted (DA) components was longer among myopes. Following Holm\u2010Bonferroni correction, this difference reached statistical significance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) for the DA 3.0 A\u2010wave, DA 10.0 A\u2010wave and B\u2010waves, and DA Oscillatory potentials 1 and 2. There were no significant differences between median light\u2010adapted (LA) implicit times nor response amplitudes between refractive groups. For all DA components, there was a significant, positive correlation between AL and implicit time (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The RET\n                      <jats:italic>eval<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00ae, used with skin electrodes, did not detect the reduction in ERG amplitude reported in myopic eyes using traditional ERG setups, potentially due to high inter\u2010subject variability and\/or anatomical confounders associated with the use of a skin electrode. The RET\n                      <jats:italic>eval<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00ae with skin electrodes did detect subtle delays to DA implicit times previously reported in myopia, with a positive relationship observed between AL and implicit time for all DA components. In contrast, no significant differences were observed for LA implicit times, which may indicate underlying differences in the dark\u2010adaptation process and\/or scotopic visual pathways in myopia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T06:05:26Z","timestamp":1739426726000},"page":"666-680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Measuring differences in the ERG in myopia using the RET\n                    <i>eval<\/i>\n                    device with skin electrodes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7486-4125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Stapley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Ulster University  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