{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T12:38:24Z","timestamp":1785501504829,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The onset and progression of myopia can occur during adulthood, suggesting that myopia should be managed in young adults. Low\u2010concentration atropine eye drops have shown promising efficacy in myopia control. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of 0.01% and 0.05% atropine eye drops on the visual performance of university students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010six myopic students aged 18\u201330\u2009years received 0.01% and 0.05% atropine in random order. Atropine eye drops were administered once a night in both eyes for 14\u2009days, with a minimum 14\u2010day washout period between concentrations. Visual assessments, including the modulation transfer function (MTF) cut\u2010off, Strehl ratio (SR), objective scattering index, contrast sensitivity (CS) and glare disability, were conducted 1, 2, 7 and 14\u2009days after atropine administration and corresponding time points after cessation. A questionnaire was used to evaluate ocular and general symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After 1\u2009day of treatment with 0.05% atropine, the MTF cut\u2010off (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22128.75,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and SR (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.05,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) decreased significantly to their lowest levels. The area under the log CS function also decreased significantly (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) during administration of the 0.05% eye drops, especially in the mesopic with glare condition, and reached its lowest point 1\u2009day after administration (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.20,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). However, all parameters returned to baseline levels 2\u2009weeks after 0.05% atropine was stopped (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Additionally, 40.91% of the young adults reported experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness and nocturnal glare during 0.05% atropine use. Treatment with 0.01% atropine had minimal effects on both visual performance and subjective symptoms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Administration of 0.05% atropine had a significant but temporary effect on the visual performance of young adult myopic patients, whereas 0.01% atropine had a minimal effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T07:53:28Z","timestamp":1740038008000},"page":"854-864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differential impact of 0.01% and 0.05% atropine eye drops on visual performance in young adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8394-1153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifan","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8513-3862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiali","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaifeng","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7694-513X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/519276a"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001272"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010020\u201000231\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-016-0361-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60272-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.6.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.1999.770311.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417\u2010012\u20102074\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2005.tb06688.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2022.2048172"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.13.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004916"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014758.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.24162"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2886_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1979.tb00517.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000667"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","first-page":"3357","article-title":"Test\u2010retest reliability of the CSV\u20101000 contrast test and its relationship to glaucoma therapy","volume":"35","author":"Pomerance GN","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/14.8.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04987-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030419"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.4.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","first-page":"828","article-title":"Age, gender, and tear break\u2010up time","volume":"70","author":"Cho P","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21863"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886\u2010018\u20100982\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.624472"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.2.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12730"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12960"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-319769"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201024906\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201008177\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.03.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.38571"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-61-2-388"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-66-3-648"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-120015958"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.10.020"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.13471","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:25:01Z","timestamp":1767785101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/opo.13471"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/opo.13471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.13471","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}