{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:35:19Z","timestamp":1792150519653,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the rangefinding and light sensing capabilities of a novel wearable sensor, the Visual Environment Evaluation Tool (VEET) developed for myopia research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The VEET 1.0 (Meta, LLC) is a temple\u2010integrated system mounted on a spectacle frame. Both the left and right temples house four sensors each, angled straight ahead and 20\u00b0 downward\/4\u00b0 nasal, respectively. For validation, VEET\u2010mounted spectacles were placed on a mannequin head. An infrared camera was used to capture the spatial characteristics of the rangefinding beam. Distance measurements were collected against a wall for 5\u2013400\u2009cm. The accuracy of distance measurements for different target types, sizes and tilt was assessed. Ambient illumination was captured in different indoor and outdoor settings and compared to a lux meter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All devices (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920) were capable of capturing distances for the full range evaluated, 5\u2013400\u2009cm, against a wall. There was a strong relationship between the actual and measured distances, with a slope of 1.01\u2009\u00b1\u20090.003 and 0.95\u2009\u00b1\u20090.007, for the left and right temples, respectively. Distance measurements were repeatable across different target types, including paper and tablet. Mean beam diameter of five tested devices was 52.2\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5\u00b0. The VEET effectively measured distances across different target sizes, ranging from 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 cm and larger and target tilt \u00b160\u00b0. Illumination measurements across different indoor and outdoor settings demonstrated a strong linear relationship with lux meter readings (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.99 and 0.78 for the left and right temples, respectively), effectively distinguishing indoor (&lt;1000 lux) and outdoor (\u22651000 lux) illumination levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The VEET provides accurate quantification of real\u2010time distances across different target types and sizes and is capable of effectively distinguishing indoor and outdoor illumination levels. The VEET will be valuable in studies evaluating risk factors for myopia to gain\u00a0a better understanding of the role of near work and light exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T14:09:50Z","timestamp":1746281390000},"page":"1067-1079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A novel wearable sensor for objective measurement of distance and illumination"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4591-5012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raman Prasad","family":"Sah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Optometry  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavan Kalyan","family":"Narra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston 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