{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:20:19Z","timestamp":1790864419628,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of different peripheral defocus\u2010based spectacle designs [Defocus Induced Multiple Segment (DIMS), Highly Aspherical Lenslets (HALT) and Cylindrical Annular Refractive Elements (CARE)] in controlling myopia progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective, interventional, double\u2010blinded, randomised clinical trial. Children aged 5 to 15\u2009years, with myopia ranging from \u22121 D to \u22128 D and documented myopia progression of \u22650.5 D\/year, were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to wear either DIMS, HALT or CARE spectacles full\u2010time. Cycloplegic refraction and axial length measurements were taken at baseline and after 1\u2009year. The primary outcome was the change in the rate of myopia progression. All analyses were performed based on the intention\u2010to\u2010treat principle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 120 participants (40 in each group: DIMS, HALT and CARE) with a mean age of 10.1\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3\u2009years (57% male) were enrolled. At the 1\u2010year follow\u2010up, the rate of myopia progression reduced by 0.38\u2009\u00b1\u20090.13 D\/year (56.7%), 0.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12 D\/year (58.1%) and 0.31\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15 D\/year (47%) for the DIMS, HALT and CARE groups, respectively. The respective change in axial length was 0.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11\u2009mm, 0.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12\u2009mm and 0.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14\u2009mm. Inter\u2010group comparisons showed a significant difference in spherical equivalent refractive error changes between HALT and CARE (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) and in the rate of myopia progression between DIMS and CARE (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). No significant differences were found between HALT and DIMS for any parameter.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spectacle lenses incorporating peripheral defocus (DIMS, HALT and CARE) were all effective in reducing the rate of myopia progression significantly, with no adverse effects being observed. Among the three designs, DIMS and HALT exhibited comparable and significantly better efficacy than CARE spectacles at 1 year follow\u2010up. However, further long\u2010term studies are required to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T05:04:47Z","timestamp":1750741487000},"page":"1505-1511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Comparative evaluation of different (peripheral defocus based) spectacle designs in preventing myopia progression: A double\u2010blinded randomised clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0893-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinay","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences AIIMS  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8660-8062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences AIIMS  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebika","family":"Dhiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences AIIMS  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Phuljhele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences AIIMS  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2124-7542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Namrata","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences AIIMS  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_387_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"588","article-title":"Low\u2010dose atropine 0.01% for the treatment of childhood myopia: a pan\u2010India multicentric retrospective study","volume":"108","author":"Saxena R","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2006.00055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.7623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9972761"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2098_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313739"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.0401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15649"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.5.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"1171","article-title":"One\u2010year myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets","volume":"106","author":"Bao J","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.16795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-7108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00645.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.TJO-D-22-00100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14524"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281816"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2023.2288180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201030157\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2021-321005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.07.002"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/opo.13548","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:24:36Z","timestamp":1767785076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/opo.13548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/opo.13548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.13548","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}