{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:05:44Z","timestamp":1790010344693,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004000","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Program key projects","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SL2023A03J00528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SL2023A03J00528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It remains unclear whether increasing the frequency of administration of 0.01% atropine improves its effectiveness in slowing axial elongation or refractive progression. This study compared twice\u2010daily 0.01% atropine administration and traditional once\u2010nightly administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A hybrid design was adopted incorporating both retrospective and prospective elements, with participants observed for 1\u2009year. The control group (received saline eye drops) and once\u2010daily 0.01% atropine group (Atropine\u20101 group) were derived from two previous trials, while the twice\u2010daily 0.01% atropine group (Atropine\u20102 group) was enrolled prospectively. A total of 163 participants were included in the intention\u2010to\u2010treat set, with 51, 70 and 42 participants in the control, Atropine\u20101 and Atropine\u20102 groups, respectively. The primary outcome was the change in axial length (AL), and the secondary outcome was the change in cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with the control group (0.48\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22\u2009mm), both Atropine\u20101 (0.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17\u2009mm) and Atropine\u20102 (0.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18\u2009mm) groups showed significantly reduced AL elongation (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.001). Notably, Atropine\u20102 significantly improved slowing of AL elongation compared with Atropine\u20101 (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.008). The result of the secondary outcome (adjusted SER change) was consistent. Atropine\u20102 was significantly more effective in slowing SER progression (\u22120.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.37 D) than Atropine\u20101 (\u22120.41\u2009\u00b1\u20090.50 D) (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.02). Based on a multivariable model, age was identified as the key covariate to perform subgroup analyses. In the younger subgroup (8\u201310\u2009years), AL elongation was significantly reduced in the Atropine\u20102 group (0.16\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17\u2009mm) compared with the Atropine\u20101 group (0.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.002). In the older subgroup (10\u201312\u2009years), there was no significant difference in progression. Consistent results were observed in the sensitivity analyses based on the per\u2010protocol set.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twice\u2010daily administration of 0.01% atropine was more effective than once daily in slowing AL elongation and SER progression in children 8 to 10\u2009years of age. Further investigation with extended follow\u2010up is warranted to substantiate this finding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T13:29:55Z","timestamp":1753277395000},"page":"1856-1866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Twice\u2010daily administration improves the effectiveness of 0.01% atropine for controlling myopia in slowing axial elongation and refractive progression"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Shengsong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Medical Centre Southern Medical University  Shenzhen 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Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengqi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic Health System  Eau Claire Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenchen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6528-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingru","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, 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