{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T04:17:55Z","timestamp":1785557875222,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the efficacy of Multizone\u2010Defocus\u2010Plano spectacles (MDPs) during nearwork activities in slowing myopic shift and axial elongation in non\u2010myopic children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children 7\u20138\u2009years of age with refractive errors between 0.00 and +2.00 D from five primary schools participated in a cluster randomised study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study group used MDPs during nearwork, while the control group had no intervention. Axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were measured every 6\u2009months over 1\u2009year. MDPs have an 11\u2009mm central plano area surrounded by 540\u2009units, each with a +3.50 D myopic defocus. AL and SER changes were compared between groups, with analysis by baseline SER and gender subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 391 children were randomised (average age 7.3\u2009years; 52.2% male). After 1 year of follow\u2010up, AL elongation in the MDP and control group was 0.22\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u2009mm and 0.34\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u2009mm, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>(1, 31.72)<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200925.35,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The respective SER change was \u22120.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 D and \u22120.57\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 D (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>(1, 25.71)<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200933.44,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The AL difference between the two groups was greater at a lower baseline SER (0.22\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u2009mm vs. 0.38\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u2009mm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wearing MDPs during nearwork activities can effectively slow axial elongation and myopia shift in non\u2010myopic children, especially for children with a lower baseline SER. Wearing MDPs during nearwork activities may help prevent or delay myopia's onset and enable group interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.70023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T19:42:06Z","timestamp":1760557326000},"page":"1935-1945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effectiveness of Multizone\u2010Defocus\u2010Plano spectacles (\n                    <scp>MDPs<\/scp>\n                    ) during nearwork in slowing axial elongation and myopic shift in non\u2010myopic children: A cluster randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8494-7004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangyao","family":"Ran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"Aier Institute 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