{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:32:26Z","timestamp":1771468346295,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]],"date-time":"2013-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disruption to endochondral ossification leads to delayed and irregular bone formation and can result in a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders known as osteochondrodysplasias. These genetic disorders arise through disturbances in the complex processes of skeletal growth causing development of unsightly skeletal deformities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods\u2002<\/jats:title><jats:p>Each syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of detailed clinical and radiographic assessment. Lower limb deformities were the prime presenting feature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here are presented three patients with diverse genetic syndromes, namely <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>olcott\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>allison syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WRS<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>niest dysplasia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KD<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>esbuquois dysplasia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>). Genetic testing was performed in the patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WRS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>. The diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KD<\/jats:styled-content> was made purely on a clinical and radiographic basis. Variable orthopaedic interventions to realign these patients' lower limbs were implemented with the aim of improving their balance and gait.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this paper is twofold. The first part is to outline the importance of diagnosing the causes of various skeletal abnormalities in patients with osteochondrodysplasias by phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The second part is to demonstrate our techniques for surgical corrections in patients with joint laxity and malalignment and show how far techniques for growth modulation, re\u2010alignment and ligament reconstruction have advanced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T13:43:29Z","timestamp":1361281409000},"page":"33-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Re\u2010alignment\u2010procedures for Skeletal Dysplasia in Three Patients with Genetically Diverse Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Al Kaissi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Medical Department Hanusch Hospital Ludwig\u2010Boltzmann Institute of Osteology Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling  Vienna"},{"name":"Paediatric Department Orthopaedic Hospital of Speising  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