{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:50:22Z","timestamp":1769161822054,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]],"date-time":"2014-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"Objective<\/jats:title>To compare the biomechanical properties of four types of internal fixation (proximal femoral nail [PFN<\/jats:styled-content>], dynamic hip screw [DHS<\/jats:styled-content>], dynamic condylar screw [DCS<\/jats:styled-content>], and proximal femoral locking plate [PFLP<\/jats:styled-content>]) for different types of subtrochanteric fractures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Thirty\u2010two antiseptic femurs were randomly divided into four groups. After internal fixation had been implanted, different types of subtrochanteric fracture models were produced and each tested under vertical, torsional and vertical damage loads.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The stiffness ratio of PFN<\/jats:styled-content> in each fracture model and failure load were the highest in the four groups; however, the torsional stiffness ratio was the lowest. Tension strain ratios of DHS<\/jats:styled-content> and DCS<\/jats:styled-content> on the lateral side became compression strain ratios with restoration of the medial fragment. The stiffness ratio of DHS<\/jats:styled-content> was lower than PFLP<\/jats:styled-content> in each fracture model, torsional stiffness ratio was the highest in fracture models II<\/jats:styled-content> to V<\/jats:styled-content> and the failure load was lower only than PFN<\/jats:styled-content>. The stiffness ratio and failure load of DCS<\/jats:styled-content> were both the lowest, torsional stiffness ratio was similar to PFLP<\/jats:styled-content>'s in fracture models II<\/jats:styled-content> to V<\/jats:styled-content>. The stiffness ratio of PFLP<\/jats:styled-content> was only lower than PFN<\/jats:styled-content>'s in each fracture model, but the failure load was lower than DHS<\/jats:styled-content>'s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Four types of internal fixation achieve better stabilities for type I<\/jats:styled-content> subtrochanteric fractures. PFN<\/jats:styled-content> and PFLP<\/jats:styled-content> produce reliable stability in type IIIA<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> subtrochanteric fractures. If the medial buttress is restored, DCS<\/jats:styled-content> can be considered. For type IV<\/jats:styled-content> subtrochanteric fractures, only PFN<\/jats:styled-content> provides stable fixation. PFLP<\/jats:styled-content> is suitable for comminuted fractures with large fragments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,30]],"date-time":"2014-05-30T02:31:50Z","timestamp":1401417110000},"page":"128-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Biomechanical Analysis of Four Types of Internal Fixation in Subtrochanteric Fracture Models"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory of Orthopaedics Institute Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin\u2010long","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory of Orthopaedics Institute Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"},{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010xiong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory of Orthopaedics Institute Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory of Orthopaedics Institute Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory of Orthopaedics Institute Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shao\u2010wen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory of Orthopaedics Institute Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bao\u2010yi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory of Orthopaedics Institute Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory of Orthopaedics Institute Tianjin Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao\u2010bo","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing\u2010tao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100020312"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Subtrochanteric fractures. A review of treatment options","volume":"60","author":"Craig NJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull Hosp Jt Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(03)00075-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000210202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(69)90028-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199705000-00031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198001000-00008","article-title":"Mechanics of the treatment of hip injuries","volume":"146","author":"Kaufer H","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199407000-00042","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of the Gamma nail and sliding hip screw","volume":"304","author":"Mahomed N","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Nonunions of fractures of the proximal and distal thirds of the shaft of the femur","volume":"33","author":"Zickel RE","year":"1988","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2004.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000151819.95075.ad"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(03)00101-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-002-0476-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016470310013662"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-9493-5-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000176448.00020.fa"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182254ea3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","first-page":"324","article-title":"Intramedullary osteosynthesis versus plate osteosynthesis in subtrochanteric fractures","volume":"4","author":"Burnei C","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181d40418"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","first-page":"626","article-title":"Using anatomic locking plate to fix intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fracture involving femoral shaft","volume":"32","author":"Wang SL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gu Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Axial biomechanical difference between embalmed and PMMA proximal femur","volume":"14","author":"Yang Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Yu Lin Chuang"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000046265.44785.0C"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(94)90111-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00517"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00295"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.75B5.8376441","article-title":"A prospective randomised comparison of the dynamic hip screw and the gamma locking nail","volume":"75","author":"Radford PJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199004020-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318207885b"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-11-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199911000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2012.727079"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fos.12109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/os.12109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T10:10:47Z","timestamp":1696241447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/os.12109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/os.12109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/os.12109","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-7853","1757-7861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-7853","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-7861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}}}