{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:19:20Z","timestamp":1767827960887,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]],"date-time":"2017-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the technique and analyze the outcomes of joint\u2010preserving surgical treatments which included anatomical reconstruction or alignment correction for talar malunions or nonunions, and avoid development of degenerative changes in the adjacent joints.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight patients who had painful talar malunions or nonunions treated between 2009 and 2015 were included in this retrospective study. The mean age of the patients was 35.6 years, with patients aged from 18 to 58 years. Two patients had talar neck fractures and six had talar body fractures. According to a classification of post\u2010traumatic talar deformities, five patients were classified as type I (malunion and\/or residual joint displacement), two as type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> (nonunion with displacement), and one as type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> (malunion with partial avascular necrosis [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVN<\/jats:styled-content>]). Of these patients, six cases were treated with an osteotomy through the malunited fracture or removal of the pseudarthrosis, and two cases were corrected by supramalleolar or calcaneal osteotomies owing to complete disappearance of the former fracture lines. The follow\u2010up evaluation methods included the 36\u2010Item Short Form Health Survey (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SF<\/jats:styled-content>\u201036) score, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOFAS<\/jats:styled-content>) score, range of motion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROM<\/jats:styled-content>), and radiological analysis. The differences between postoperative scores and preoperative scores were evaluated statistically with the paired Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test. Significance was assumed at <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean follow\u2010up time was 25.6 months. No wound healing problems or infections were observed. Solid union was obtained without redislocation in all cases, and with no signs of development or progression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVN<\/jats:styled-content>. At a mean of 25.6 months (range, 16\u201336 months) after reconstruction, all patients were satisfied with the result. The mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOFAS<\/jats:styled-content> score increased from 30.0 \u00b1 7.0 pre\u2010operatively to 86.5 \u00b1 7.8 post\u2010operatively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), the mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SF<\/jats:styled-content>\u201036 score increased from 38.8 \u00b1 4.1 to 81.4 \u00b1 7.7 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and the average <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROM<\/jats:styled-content> (tibiotalar joint) increased from 40.5\u00b0 \u00b1 8.7\u00b0 to 43.9\u00b0 \u00b1 7.2\u00b0 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Joint\u2010preserving procedures for talar malunions or nonunions can bring about satisfactory outcomes, and the appropriate procedure should be adopted according to different types of post\u2010traumatic deformities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]],"date-time":"2017-03-30T22:57:41Z","timestamp":1490914661000},"page":"34-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Joint\u2010Preserving Surgery for Talar Malunions or Nonuions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery North Ruijin Hospital  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery North Ruijin Hospital  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery North Ruijin Hospital  Shanghai 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