{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:22:59Z","timestamp":1769728979046,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,27]],"date-time":"2017-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elderly patients suffer fractures through low\u2010energy mechanisms. The distal radius is the most frequent fracture localization. Insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>1) plays an important role in the maintenance of bone mass and its levels decline with advancing age and in states of malnutrition. Our aim was to investigate the association of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>1 levels, bone mass, nutritional status, and inflammation to low\u2010energy distal radius fractures and also study if fracture healing is influenced by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>1, nutritional status, and inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postmenopausal women, 55 years or older, with low\u2010energy distal radius fractures occurring due to falling on slippery ground, indoors or outdoors, were recruited in the emergency department (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>) and followed 1 and 5 weeks after the initial trauma with biomarkers for nutritional status and inflammation. Fractures were diagnosed according to standard procedure by physical examination and X\u2010ray. All patients were conservatively treated with plaster casts in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>. Patients who needed interventions were excluded from our study. Fracture healing was evaluated from radiographs. Fracture healing assessment was made with a five\u2010point scale where the radiological assessment included callus formation, fracture line, and stage of union. Blood samples were taken within 24 h after fracture and analyzed in the routine laboratory. Bone mineral density (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content>) was measured by dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXA<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010eight Caucasian women, aged 70.5 \u00b1 8.9 years (mean \u00b1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) old, were recruited. Nutritional status, as evaluated by albumin (40.3 \u00b1 3.1 g\/L),<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>1 (125.3 \u00b1 39.9 \u03bcg\/L), body mass index (26.9 \u00b1 3.6 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), arm diameter (28.9 \u00b1 8.9 cm), and arm skinfold (2.5 \u00b1 0.7 cm), was normal. A positive correlation was found between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>1 at visit 1 and the lowest<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content>for hip, spine, or radius (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= 0.39,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>= 0.04). High sensitive C\u2010reactive protein (hs<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content>) and leukocytes were higher at the fracture event compared to 5 weeks later (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>= 0.07 and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>&lt; 0.001, respectively). Fracture healing parameters (i.e. callus formation, fracture line, and stage of union) were positively correlated with the initial leukocyte count and to difference in thrombocyte count between visit 1 and 3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In elderly women with low\u2010energy distal radius fractures, an association between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>1 and lowest measures of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content>was found, indicating that low<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>1 could be an indirect risk factor for fractures. Fracture healing was associated with initial leukocytosis and a lower thrombocyte count, suggesting that inflammation and thrombocytes are important components in fracture healing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T13:34:59Z","timestamp":1512135299000},"page":"380-385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association of Insulin\u2010like Growth Factor\u20101, Bone Mass and Inflammation to Low\u2010energy Distal Radius Fractures and Fracture Healing in Elderly Women Attending Emergency Care"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Simona I","family":"Chisalita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee 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