{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T13:50:06Z","timestamp":1778939406253,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hebei Province Medical Science Special Major Projects Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the incidence of low\u2010energy upper extremity fractures and identify the associated risk factors in Chinese people aged 50\u2009years or older.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was a part of the Chinese National Fracture Survey, which was performed between January and May 2015 and aimed to investigate the epidemiology of traumatic fractures in China in 2014. The China National Fracture Study (CNFS) was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (number ChiCTR\u2010EPR\u201015005878). A stratified multistage cluster randomized sampling method was used to recruit subjects and the survey was conducted through a questionnaire. The relevant results have been published elsewhere. In the current study, 154\u2009099 Chinese men and women aged 50\u2009years or older were included for data collection and analysis. Low\u2010energy fractures were defined as fractures that were caused by simple falls from standing height. Individuals who had low\u2010energy upper extremity fractures were included in the case group and the remainder were included in the control group. Univariate and multivariate logistics regression analysis models were constructed to investigate the independent risk factors, after adjustment for confounding variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 184 patients sustained low\u2010energy upper extremity fractures in 2014, indicating that the overall incidence was 119.4\/100\u2009000 persons, with 57.4 and 180.9\/100\u2009000 person\u2010years in men and women. Approximately 80% of fractures occurred at home and on the common road (other than high way). In men, alcohol consumption (OR, 2.12; 95%CI, 1.11\u20134.06), residence at \u22652nd floor without an elevator (OR, 2.86; 95%CI, 1.16\u20137.06), sleep duration&lt;7 h\/day (OR, 2.77; 95%CI, 1.42\u20135.37), and history of past fractures (OR, 3.10; 95%CI, 1.21\u20137.93) were identified as significant risk factors. In women, obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200928.0) (OR, 1.86; 95%CI, 1.31\u20132.66), living in the central region in China (OR, 1.53; 95%CI, 1.01\u20132.31), living at a higher latitude (40\u00b0\u201349.9\u00b0N) (OR, 1.79; 95%CI, 1.02\u20133.14), alcohol consumption (OR, 2.40; 95%CI, 1.58\u20133.63), more births (OR, 1.45; 95%CI, 1.15\u20131.83), sleep duration &lt;7 h\/day (OR, 2.21; 95%CI, 1.53\u20133.20), and history of past fracture (OR, 2.70; 95%CI, 1.52\u20134.80) were identified as significant risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on these results, health policies that focus on decreasing alcohol consumption and encouraging individuals to improve their quality and duration of sleep should be implemented in China. The significance of moving to a ground floor or to a building equipped with an elevator for men, and maintaining a healthy body weight for women should be emphasized to prevent upper extremity fractures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T11:47:25Z","timestamp":1554119245000},"page":"304-310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Incidence of Low\u2010energy Upper Extremity Fractures and the Risk Factors in Chinese People 50 years or Older"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan\u2010bin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong\u2010zhi","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen\u2010ni","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Epidemiology Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5419-7078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying\u2010ze","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Engineering  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08657-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/550S15a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1702-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00381-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health (NIH).NIH consensus development panel on osteoporosis prevention diagnosis and therapy: osteoporosis prevention diagnosis and therapy 2001. 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