{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:49:45Z","timestamp":1789271385783,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the clinical outcomes of open calcaneal fractures with medial wounds treated with one\u2010stage management, including early modern wound care, sequential reduction, and frame structure fixation using percutaneous Kirschner wires.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 19 patients with open calcaneal fractures admitted to our hospital from May 2016 to March 2019 were selected in this study. Twelve type\u2010II and seven type\u2010IIIA medial open injuries were identified according to the classification of Gustilo and Anderson. Fractures were stratified by Sanders classification, including nine type\u2010II fractures, seven type\u2010III fractures, and three type\u2010IV fractures. All patients accepted one\u2010stage irrigation and debridement, sequential reduction of calcaneal fractures through the open medial wound, percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation, and primary closure of wounds covered with vacuum\u2010assisted closure (VAC) device. The Bohler angle, the Gissane angle, and the width of the calcaneus were compared before and after surgery. The functional results were evaluated according to the Paley and Hall score system, visual analogue scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot score, Maryland Foot Score, and related complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The follow\u2010up duration for all patients ranged from 14 to 28\u2009months (mean, 22.7\u2009months). The angle of Bohler and Giasane was increased from (\u22127.6\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u200915.0\u00b0) and (96.6\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20097.6\u00b0) before surgery to (23.7\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20096.1\u00b0) and (124.1\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20097.1\u00b0) postoperatively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.05), respectively. Three cases of superficial infection and two cases of wound dehiscence were observed in our study, which were then successfully treated with wound debridement, VAC replacement, appropriate use of antibiotics, and delayed closure. The last follow\u2010up revealed three cases of lateral wall expansion and six cases of mild\u2010to\u2010moderate subtalar arthritis based on the Paley and Hall scoring system. According to the AOFAS ankle and hindfoot score, one case showed excellent results, 14 cases exhibited good results, and four cases displayed fair results, with the mean of 80.7\u2009\u00b1\u20096.7 points (range, 70\u201390). The Maryland Foot Score revealed one case of excellent outcomes, nine cases of good outcomes, and nine cases of fair outcomes with an average of 76.8\u2009\u00b1\u20098.6 points (range, 62\u201390). The mean VAS for pain was 1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 (range, 0\u20135), and a total of 14 patients complained of mild\u2010to\u2010moderate pain when walking for a more extended period. Severe complications, such as deep infection, osteomyelitis, and soft tissue necrosis, were not observed during follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collectively, one\u2010stage management allowed the direct restoration of calcaneal morphology with a minimal invasion of soft tissues in most open calcaneal fractures with medial wounds, and the functional outcomes were comparable to previous data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T23:00:12Z","timestamp":1609974012000},"page":"225-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Management of Open Calcaneal Fractures with Medial Wounds by One\u2010Stage Sequential Reduction and Frame Structure Fixation Using Percutaneous Kirschner Wires"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5065-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Qingdao University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai\u2010yu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery No. 971 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army (PLA)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Second Orthopaedic Surgery No. 971 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army (PLA)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010qiang","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Second Orthopaedic Surgery No. 971 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army (PLA)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai\u2010lei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Second Orthopaedic Surgery No. 971 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army (PLA)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700703"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(03)00084-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20040701-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181b5c0a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200404000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200401000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldp030"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.1052"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200312000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200401000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31824a3f1f"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199305000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199303000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500701"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078600600504"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199802000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.76B2.8113298"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020050289"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.102B7.BJJ-2019-1462.R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"517","article-title":"Calcaneus fractures. 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