{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T19:29:00Z","timestamp":1791660540834,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]],"date-time":"2021-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is widely recognized as the main cause of low back pain, which leads to disability in aging populations and induces great losses both socially and economically worldwide. Unfortunately, current treatments for IDD are aimed at relieving symptoms instead of preserving disc structure and function. Researchers are forged to find new promising biological therapeutics to stop, and even reverse, IVD degeneration. Recently, the injection of growth factors has been shown to be a promising biological therapy for IDD. A number of growth factors have been investigated to modulate the synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) through a variety of pathogenetic biological mechanisms, including suppressing inflammatory process and down\u2010regulating degrading enzymes. However, growth factors, including Transforming Growth Factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), and Insulin\u2010like Growth Factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101), may induce unwanted blood vessel in\u2010growth, which accelerates the process of IDD. On the contrary, studies have demonstrated that injection of GDF\u20105 into the intervertebral disc of mice can effectively alleviate the degeneration of the intervertebral disc, which elicits their response\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    BMPRII and will not induce blood vessel in\u2010growth. This finding suggests that GDF\u20105 is more suitable for use in IDD treatment compared with the three other growth factors. Substantial evidence has suggested that GDF\u20105 may maintain the structure and function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). GDF\u20105 plays an important role in IDD and is a very promising therapeutic agent for IDD. This review is focused on the mechanisms and functions of GDF\u20105 in IDD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T02:28:07Z","timestamp":1617589687000},"page":"734-741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The Mechanisms and Functions of\n                    <scp>GDF<\/scp>\n                    \u20105 in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6621-275X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Surgery Department Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery Mianyang Orthopaedic Hospital  Mianyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changming","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Surgery Department Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenglong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Surgery Department Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Education Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Education Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Education Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Education Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Education Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Surgery Department Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01312-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.6.656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2376172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200002150-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000231761.73859.2c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"7919201","article-title":"Efficacy of platelet\u2010rich plasma in retarding intervertebral disc degeneration: a meta\u2010analysis of animal studies","volume":"2017","author":"Li P","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369670"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/368639a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.6.1305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.144.1.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000142427.82605.fb"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199712150-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-002-0472-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1500182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328213515034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"The expression and its significance of vascular endothelial growth factor in lumbar inter vertebral discs","volume":"81","author":"Qing LH","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin J Spine Spinal Cord"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198105000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092200402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199712150-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000107231.67854.9F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318178e5ea"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3443"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000201260.10082.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11830"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000248428.22823.86"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/os.12942","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/os.12942","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/os.12942","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T02:01:49Z","timestamp":1693533709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/os.12942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/os.12942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/os.12942","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-7853","1757-7861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-7853","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-7861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}