{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T13:35:49Z","timestamp":1771594549598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the usefulness of a 3D\u2010printed model for transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate (TARP) surgery in the treatment of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IAAD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review was conducted of 23 patients (13 men, 10 women; mean age 58.17\u2009\u00b1\u20095.27\u2009years) with IAAD who underwent TARP from January 2015 to July 2017. Patients were divided into a 3D group (12 patients) and a non\u20103D group (11 patients). A preoperative simulation process was undertaken for the patients in the 3D group, with preselection of the TARP system using a 3D\u2010printed 1:1 scale model, while only imaging data was used for the non\u20103D group. Complications, clinical outcomes (Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA] and visual analogue score [VAS]), and image measurements (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">atlas\u2013dens<\/jats:styled-content> interval [ADI], cervicomedullary angle [CMA], and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">clivus\u2010canal<\/jats:styled-content> angle [CCA]) were noted preoperatively and at the last follow up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 23 patients with a follow\u2010up time of 16.26\u2009\u00b1\u20094.27\u2009months were included in the present study. The surgery duration, intraoperative blood loss, and fluoroscopy times in the 3D group were found to be shorter than those in non\u20103D group, with statistical significance. The surgery duration was 3.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45\u2009h in the 3D group and 4.68\u2009\u00b1\u20090.90\u2009h in the non\u20103D group, and the estimated intraoperative blood loss was 131.67\u2009\u00b1\u200943.03\u2009mL in the 3D group and 185.45\u2009\u00b1\u200942.28\u2009mL in the non\u20103D group. No patients received blood transfusions. The intraoperative fluoroscopy times were 5.67\u2009\u00b1\u20090.89 in the 3D group and 7.91\u2009\u00b1\u20091.45 in the non\u20103D group. Preoperatively and at last follow up, JOA and VAS scores and ADI, CCA, and CMA were improved significantly within the two groups. However, no statistical difference was observed between the two groups. However, surgical site infection occurred in 1 patient in the 3D group, who underwent an emergency revision operation of the removal of TARP device and posterior occipitocervical fixation; the patient recovered 2\u2009weeks after the surgery. In 2 patients in the traditional group, a mistake occurred in the placement of screws, with no neurological symptoms related to the misplacement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preoperative surgical simulation using a 3D\u2010printed real\u2010size model is an intuitive and effective aid for TARP surgery for treating IAAD. The 3D\u2010printed biomodel precisely replicated patient\u2010specific anatomy for use in complicated craniovertebral junction surgery. The information was more useful than that available with 3D reconstructed images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T07:18:33Z","timestamp":1615792713000},"page":"799-811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Usefulness of a Three\u2010Dimensional\u2010Printed Model in the Treatment of Irreducible Atlantoaxial Dislocation with Transoral Atlantoaxial Reduction Plate"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qiang","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang\u2010yang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010zhong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3651-8410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University  Guangzhou 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transoral excision of odontoid process in irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation: our experience of 34 patients","volume":"74","author":"Yadav YR","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Three\u2010dimensional computed tomography angiographic study of the vertebral artery in patients with congenital craniovertebral junction anomalies","volume":"26","author":"Sivaraju L","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2015.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"E502","article-title":"Surgical site infections following the trasoral approach: a review of 172 consecutive cases","volume":"29","author":"Yin QS","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord 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