{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:40:52Z","timestamp":1768405252373,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009102","name":"Education Department of Jiangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GJJ160127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ160127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the epidemiological correlation and drug resistance of external factors of infection caused by open injury of limbs to pathogens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This experiment is a retrospective study. We took the geographical location and climate of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China as the background, analyzed 2017 strains of pathogens from 1589 patients with limb trauma infection in a University Affiliated Hospital from 2012 to 2017. Patients were divided into three groups according to the type of incision: I, In\u2010hospital infection of clean limb incision, II, In\u2010hospital infection with open injury, III, Community infection with open injury of the limb. Groups II and Groups III were divided into six subgroups according to the causes of trauma, including: accidents from non\u2010motor vehicles, machinery, cutting\/piercing, pedestrian injuries, struck by\/against, pedal cycles, and other injuries. We found eight common pathogens of orthopedic infection, which were mainly divided into Gram\u2010positive bacteria (G+, mainly including <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>) and Gram\u2010negative bacteria (G\u2010, mainly <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>). The relationship between main pathogens and damage mechanism, apparent temperature and relative humidity was discussed in this study. SPSS v22.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Friedman's two\u2010way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference between the injury mechanism and incidence of pathogenic bacteria. Linear regression was used to determine the trend between the incidence of major pathogens and seasonal temperature and humidity. The level of significance was set as <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no significant difference in the distribution of pathogens between Groups II and Groups III (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&gt;0.05). The drug resistance of Groups III was significantly higher than that of Groups II and Groups I. G+ bacteria were resistant to cephalosporin, ceftriaxone and other cephalosporins and erythromycin and other macrolides. They were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. G\u2010 were resistant to the first\u2010 and the second\u2010generation cephalosporins, including cefotetan and cefazolin, and ampicillin and other penicillins, while they were sensitive to third\u2010generation cephalosporins, such as ceftazidime, as well as to levofloxacin and other quinolones, meropenem, and other beta\u2010lactamases. The correlation between the injury mechanism and infection of pathogenic bacteria was not significant. The monthly average apparent temperature and relative humidity were correlated with the infection rate of pathogenic bacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In open injury of extremities, apparent temperature and relative humidity is an important risk factor for infection by pathogenic bacteria and the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in out\u2010of\u2010hospital infection was lower than that of hospital infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T06:45:38Z","timestamp":1656485138000},"page":"1703-1714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Epidemiologic Correlation and Drug Resistance Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria in Different Open Limb Injury External Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bang\u2010lin","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Run\u2010sheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Qiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010jun","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010ye","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ni\u2010ya","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6268-1564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Control of seasonal infectious diseases","volume":"7","author":"Zhang JX","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lin Chuang He Li Yong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112482"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14111317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110908996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03955.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jphp.3200061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Analysis and discussion on the surgical treatment of long bone fracture caused by high energy trauma","volume":"15","author":"Ma YD","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhong Guo Jiao Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Clinical classification and surgical treatment of long bone fracture caused by high energy trauma","volume":"21","author":"Luo JS","year":"2015","journal-title":"Xian Dai Yi Xue"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"714","article-title":"Risk factors of acute wound infection in orthopedics","volume":"28","author":"Ning N","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhong Guo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.14916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Preliminary analysis on the characteristics of the joint committee international department hospital evaluation standard (2nd edition)","volume":"03","author":"Sun GW","year":"2004","journal-title":"Wei Sheng Ruan Ke Xue"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Ministry of health of the People's Republic of China. Diagnostic criteria for nosocomial infection (trial)","volume":"05","year":"2001","journal-title":"Zhong Hua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2019.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.1.224-228.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"466","article-title":"Characteristics of pathogens and risk factors of surgical site infection in orthopedic patients in five consecutive years","volume":"15","author":"Li FX","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhong Guo Gan Ran Kong Zhi Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"2828","article-title":"Analysis of pathogen resistance and risk factors in orthopedic sterile surgical incision infection","volume":"25","author":"Ma YH","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhong Hua Yi Yuan Gan Ran Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"1256","article-title":"Distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in orthopedic trauma","volume":"21","author":"Ye ZJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhong Hua Yi Yuan Gan Ran Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.9.1021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.12.933"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Comparative studies on the composition and antibiotic\u2010resistance of pathogenic bacteria between children with communityacquired and hospital\u2010acquired pneumonia","volume":"45","author":"Wang Z","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhong Hua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"The prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated in community\u2010 and hospital\u2010acquired infections in teaching hospitals of Hamadan, west of Iran","volume":"13","author":"Hashemi SH","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Res Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"A comparative study on the epidemiology of road traffic accident injury and fall injury","volume":"02","author":"Du DY","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chuang Shang Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Risk assessment analysis and countermeasures for mechanical injury of stamping machines in China","volume":"16","author":"Li QF","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hei Long Jiang Ke Ji Xin Xi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Dictionary of forensic medicine","author":"Guan DW","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Dictionary of surgery","author":"Zhu JK","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12799"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2014.10.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-13-074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"795","article-title":"Spore germination and mycelial growth of Streptomycetes at different humidity levels","volume":"74","author":"Doroshenko EA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mikrobiologiia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pix085"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Experimental study on the effect of air temperature and humidity on the growth and reproduction of microorganisms on fiber materials","volume":"5","author":"Li Q","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tian Jin Da Xue"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/os.13203","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/os.13203","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/os.13203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T10:17:38Z","timestamp":1692785858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/os.13203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/os.13203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/os.13203","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-7853","1757-7861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-7853","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-7861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}